Zaawansowane gospodarki coraz częściej stosują politykę przemysłową (rządowe wsparcie finansowe i niefinansowe dla przedsiębiorstw). W niniejszym artykule omówiono zalety i wady tej polityki oraz przedstawiono zasady...
Od rozpoczęcia wojny w Ukrainie duża część handlu węglowodorami między Rosją a państwami Unii Europejskiej (UE) została zablokowana, a rosyjskie firmy przekierowały swoją produkcję do wąskiej grupy państw, w tym...
Developments in recent years have shown how quickly events can change the way we perceive the world and our expectations of the future.
The population of the “new” member states of the European Union has shrunk by as many as 2.1 million people since 2004. During the analyzed period of 16 years, approximately 80.4 million people from the countries of Central...
By the end of the 1990s, the EU focused on modern sources of economic growth, which were largely based on investments in R&D and education. The key motives came from the challenges of globalization processes and the new...
Climate issues are becoming an important part of the considerations and activities of many central banks, and the European Central Bank (ECB) may soon become the first central bank to take environmental matters into account in...
In June, Polish oil firm PKN Orlen said it would merge with Poland’s national gas provider PGNiG and notify the deal to Brussels by the end of 2020. According to the Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki a combined energy group...
Sustainability has become a buzzword among financial professionals. From large hedge funds to smaller investors, the demand for “green” financial products has been on the rise in recent years. Now, it seems like the...
The European Commission (EC) aims to establish the European Digital Single Market by mid-2021 and to finally start competing with the United States and China. So, EC has just proposed a new outline of the strategy for the...
In early December, the European Commission (EC) will introduce a set of new rules in areas ranging from the transparency of algorithms and content moderation to online advertising. The Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital...