Obserwator Finansowy – biznes, makroekonomia i finanse publiczne dla ekspertów.

Oko na gospodarkę: Nie ma rozwoju bez dobrego internetu

O ponad 38 proc. wzrosła w Polsce w 2018 r. w porównaniu z 2017 r. liczba użytkowników korzystających z łączy światłowodowych. Pod względem dostępu do dobrego internetu nadal daleko nam jednak do najlepszych. Statystyki wyraźnie wskazują na związek internetu z tempem wzrostu PKB.
Trudne pożegnanie z LIBOR-em

Rynki przechodzą transformację za sprawą zmiany obowiązujących benchmarków, czyli stawek stanowiących odniesienie dla zawieranych transakcji. Zmiany wymusił nie tylko skandal z 2012 r., ale i fakt, że dotychczasowe rozwiązania przestały wystarczać.
Brexit a perspektywy londyńskiego City

Dopiero teraz, gdy zbliżamy się do trzeciej rocznicy przeprowadzonego w Wielkiej Brytanii referendum w sprawie członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej, zaczynają do nas docierać realne implikacje opuszczenia Wspólnoty. Świadczy o tym choćby – zabawny dla osób z zamiłowaniem do czarnego humoru – sukces marketingowy Brexitowego zestawu survivalowego zawierającego filtr do wody, narzędzia do rozpalania ognia i […]
Stowarzyszenie Dziennikarzy Polskich nagradza publikację w Obserwatorze Finansowym

Jacek Krzemiński, autor portalu ObserwatorFinansowy.pl, otrzymał główną nagrodę im. Eugeniusza Kwiatkowskiego przyznawaną przez Stowarzyszenie Dziennikarzy Polskich.

2019-03-22:

USD:3.79480.97%

EUR:4.28940.06%

CHF:3.80790.60%

GBP:4.97000.40%

2019-03-21:

USD:3.7581-0.49%

EUR:4.28700.01%

CHF:3.78490.18%

GBP:4.9503-0.91%

2019-03-20:

USD:3.7767-0.15%

EUR:4.2864-0.18%

CHF:3.7781-0.12%

GBP:4.9955-0.47%

2019-03-19:

USD:3.7823-0.14%

EUR:4.2940-0.12%

CHF:3.7828-0.03%

GBP:5.0190-0.02%

2019-03-18:

USD:3.7876-0.36%

EUR:4.2993-0.10%

CHF:3.7838-0.07%

GBP:5.0199-0.41%

2019-03-15:

USD:3.8014-0.01%

EUR:4.30370.05%

CHF:3.78630.02%

GBP:5.04060.02%

2019-03-14:

USD:3.8018-0.16%

EUR:4.30150.02%

CHF:3.78540.01%

GBP:5.03980.76%

2019-03-13:

USD:3.8077-0.10%

EUR:4.30060.07%

CHF:3.78520.10%

GBP:5.0013-0.64%

2019-03-12:

USD:3.8116-0.22%

EUR:4.2976-0.02%

CHF:3.7813-0.24%

GBP:5.03321.50%

2019-03-11:

USD:3.8199-0.55%

EUR:4.2983-0.20%

CHF:3.7902-0.34%

GBP:4.9577-1.40%

2019-03-08:

USD:3.84090.97%

EUR:4.30680.11%

CHF:3.80310.43%

GBP:5.02720.39%

2019-03-07:

USD:3.80380.00%

EUR:4.30190.06%

CHF:3.78670.06%

GBP:5.00770.13%

2019-03-06:

USD:3.80380.16%

EUR:4.2992-0.06%

CHF:3.7845-0.25%

GBP:5.0014-0.14%

2019-03-05:

USD:3.79770.22%

EUR:4.30180.08%

CHF:3.79400.22%

GBP:5.0082-0.20%

2019-03-04:

USD:3.7893-0.07%

EUR:4.2984-0.22%

CHF:3.7856-0.13%

GBP:5.0183-0.08%

2019-03-01:

USD:3.79200.18%

EUR:4.3079-0.10%

CHF:3.7907-0.28%

GBP:5.0223-0.25%

2019-02-28:

USD:3.7853-0.09%

EUR:4.3120-0.12%

CHF:3.80130.03%

GBP:5.03500.06%

2019-02-27:

USD:3.7886-0.63%

EUR:4.3173-0.38%

CHF:3.8003-0.37%

GBP:5.03210.12%

2019-02-26:

USD:3.8124-0.31%

EUR:4.3338-0.15%

CHF:3.8145-0.32%

GBP:5.02590.47%

2019-02-25:

USD:3.8241-0.00%

EUR:4.34020.03%

CHF:3.82670.11%

GBP:5.00250.48%

2019-02-22:

USD:3.8242-0.01%

EUR:4.33870.15%

CHF:3.82250.14%

GBP:4.9787-0.36%

2019-02-21:

USD:3.82470.07%

EUR:4.3322-0.11%

CHF:3.8171-0.05%

GBP:4.99650.25%

2019-02-20:

USD:3.8221-0.24%

EUR:4.33710.16%

CHF:3.81900.13%

GBP:4.98400.69%

2019-02-19:

USD:3.83110.07%

EUR:4.3303-0.03%

CHF:3.8141-0.02%

GBP:4.94950.12%

2019-02-18:

USD:3.8286-0.10%

EUR:4.33170.17%

CHF:3.81500.18%

GBP:4.94370.67%

2019-02-15:

USD:3.8326-0.50%

EUR:4.3243-0.35%

CHF:3.8081-0.27%

GBP:4.9104-0.66%

2019-02-14:

USD:3.85160.66%

EUR:4.33940.19%

CHF:3.81820.40%

GBP:4.94290.26%

2019-02-13:

USD:3.8261-0.31%

EUR:4.33120.10%

CHF:3.8031-0.16%

GBP:4.9302-0.00%

2019-02-12:

USD:3.83800.50%

EUR:4.32680.22%

CHF:3.80930.03%

GBP:4.93030.05%

2019-02-11:

USD:3.81900.39%

EUR:4.31720.21%

CHF:3.80820.33%

GBP:4.92770.17%

2019-02-08:

USD:3.80400.32%

EUR:4.30820.15%

CHF:3.79560.37%

GBP:4.91920.51%

2019-02-07:

USD:3.79190.56%

EUR:4.30190.19%

CHF:3.78140.35%

GBP:4.89410.12%

2019-02-06:

USD:3.77060.43%

EUR:4.29360.16%

CHF:3.76800.43%

GBP:4.88800.02%

2019-02-05:

USD:3.75420.36%

EUR:4.28690.13%

CHF:3.75190.02%

GBP:4.88700.00%

2019-02-04:

USD:3.74080.44%

EUR:4.28130.25%

CHF:3.75110.01%

GBP:4.88680.57%

2019-02-01:

USD:3.7243-0.08%

EUR:4.2706-0.22%

CHF:3.7509-0.03%

GBP:4.8588-0.62%

2019-01-31:

USD:3.7271-0.82%

EUR:4.2802-0.35%

CHF:3.7521-0.54%

GBP:4.8889-0.76%

2019-01-30:

USD:3.75770.04%

EUR:4.2952-0.05%

CHF:3.7725-0.36%

GBP:4.9260-0.40%

2019-01-29:

USD:3.7563-0.08%

EUR:4.29740.21%

CHF:3.7861-0.09%

GBP:4.9455-0.02%

2019-01-28:

USD:3.7592-0.80%

EUR:4.2885-0.12%

CHF:3.7896-0.39%

GBP:4.9464-0.24%

2019-01-25:

USD:3.78930.13%

EUR:4.2935-0.02%

CHF:3.8044-0.11%

GBP:4.95810.42%

2019-01-24:

USD:3.78440.26%

EUR:4.29420.17%

CHF:3.80840.70%

GBP:4.93730.72%

2019-01-23:

USD:3.77470.05%

EUR:4.28670.01%

CHF:3.7817-0.06%

GBP:4.90190.61%

2019-01-22:

USD:3.7727-0.06%

EUR:4.2862-0.15%

CHF:3.7839-0.01%

GBP:4.87180.54%

2019-01-21:

USD:3.77510.15%

EUR:4.2928-0.08%

CHF:3.7844-0.19%

GBP:4.8457-0.65%

2019-01-18:

USD:3.76940.21%

EUR:4.29640.21%

CHF:3.7917-0.01%

GBP:4.87730.63%

2019-01-17:

USD:3.7615-0.01%

EUR:4.2875-0.13%

CHF:3.7921-0.38%

GBP:4.84680.06%

2019-01-16:

USD:3.76190.20%

EUR:4.29290.02%

CHF:3.8066-0.12%

GBP:4.84390.29%

2019-01-15:

USD:3.75420.22%

EUR:4.2922-0.03%

CHF:3.8111-0.01%

GBP:4.83000.47%

2019-01-14:

USD:3.74580.45%

EUR:4.2936-0.05%

CHF:3.81160.45%

GBP:4.80731.09%

2019-01-11:

USD:3.7289-0.19%

EUR:4.2957-0.23%

CHF:3.7945-0.86%

GBP:4.7550-0.27%

2019-01-10:

USD:3.7360-0.40%

EUR:4.30550.15%

CHF:3.8273-0.02%

GBP:4.7680-0.33%

2019-01-09:

USD:3.7509-0.13%

EUR:4.2989-0.06%

CHF:3.8282-0.07%

GBP:4.7835-0.24%

2019-01-08:

USD:3.7559-0.04%

EUR:4.30130.06%

CHF:3.83070.16%

GBP:4.79520.09%

2019-01-07:

USD:3.7575-0.39%

EUR:4.2989-0.07%

CHF:3.82450.08%

GBP:4.79070.22%

2019-01-04:

USD:3.7720-0.28%

EUR:4.3018-0.03%

CHF:3.8213-0.34%

GBP:4.78030.45%

2019-01-03:

USD:3.78270.55%

EUR:4.30300.03%

CHF:3.83430.26%

GBP:4.7589-0.31%

2019-01-02:

USD:3.76190.06%

EUR:4.30160.04%

CHF:3.82420.20%

GBP:4.7737-0.33%

2018-12-31:

USD:3.75970.13%

EUR:4.30000.07%

CHF:3.81660.13%

GBP:4.78950.87%

2018-12-28:

USD:3.7550-0.18%

EUR:4.29690.25%

CHF:3.81150.46%

GBP:4.7480-0.03%

2018-12-27:

USD:3.76160.07%

EUR:4.28600.07%

CHF:3.79380.42%

GBP:4.7493-0.11%

2018-12-24:

USD:3.75880.16%

EUR:4.2832-0.13%

CHF:3.7777-0.37%

GBP:4.75440.03%

2018-12-21:

USD:3.75280.52%

EUR:4.28890.09%

CHF:3.79160.31%

GBP:4.75300.36%

2018-12-20:

USD:3.7331-0.77%

EUR:4.28490.01%

CHF:3.7797-0.21%

GBP:4.7357-0.53%

2018-12-19:

USD:3.7619-0.13%

EUR:4.2846-0.02%

CHF:3.7875-0.30%

GBP:4.7607-0.10%

2018-12-18:

USD:3.7668-0.54%

EUR:4.2853-0.12%

CHF:3.7989-0.09%

GBP:4.7654-0.13%

2018-12-17:

USD:3.7871-0.59%

EUR:4.2906-0.27%

CHF:3.8025-0.47%

GBP:4.7718-0.47%

2018-12-14:

USD:3.80950.93%

EUR:4.30210.20%

CHF:3.82020.43%

GBP:4.79400.32%

2018-12-13:

USD:3.7739-0.52%

EUR:4.2937-0.13%

CHF:3.8036-0.41%

GBP:4.77870.48%

2018-12-12:

USD:3.79340.45%

EUR:4.29930.03%

CHF:3.8191-0.20%

GBP:4.7556-0.19%

2018-12-11:

USD:3.77630.43%

EUR:4.29820.17%

CHF:3.82660.71%

GBP:4.7647-0.43%

2018-12-10:

USD:3.7600-0.25%

EUR:4.29110.15%

CHF:3.79960.19%

GBP:4.7852-0.48%

2018-12-07:

USD:3.7694-0.40%

EUR:4.2845-0.17%

CHF:3.7924-0.08%

GBP:4.8084-0.28%

2018-12-06:

USD:3.78440.03%

EUR:4.29190.05%

CHF:3.79550.15%

GBP:4.82210.16%

2018-12-05:

USD:3.78320.84%

EUR:4.28960.20%

CHF:3.78990.35%

GBP:4.81440.18%

2018-12-04:

USD:3.7516-0.42%

EUR:4.2810-0.02%

CHF:3.7765-0.01%

GBP:4.8058-0.19%

2018-12-03:

USD:3.7672-0.16%

EUR:4.2818-0.20%

CHF:3.7768-0.28%

GBP:4.8148-0.03%

2018-11-30:

USD:3.77310.01%

EUR:4.29040.01%

CHF:3.7873-0.23%

GBP:4.8161-0.11%

2018-11-29:

USD:3.7728-1.02%

EUR:4.2900-0.22%

CHF:3.7960-0.47%

GBP:4.8216-0.87%

2018-11-28:

USD:3.81140.44%

EUR:4.29940.17%

CHF:3.81370.49%

GBP:4.86360.51%

2018-11-27:

USD:3.79480.65%

EUR:4.29190.08%

CHF:3.79500.31%

GBP:4.8389-0.01%

2018-11-26:

USD:3.7701-0.21%

EUR:4.2883-0.21%

CHF:3.7831-0.31%

GBP:4.8392-0.31%

2018-11-23:

USD:3.77790.04%

EUR:4.2972-0.21%

CHF:3.7949-0.13%

GBP:4.85420.50%

2018-11-22:

USD:3.7764-0.17%

EUR:4.3064-0.01%

CHF:3.8000-0.08%

GBP:4.8300-0.11%

2018-11-21:

USD:3.7829-0.19%

EUR:4.3070-0.57%

CHF:3.8029-0.37%

GBP:4.8353-0.60%

2018-11-20:

USD:3.79000.16%

EUR:4.33140.17%

CHF:3.81710.59%

GBP:4.8643-0.12%

2018-11-19:

USD:3.7840-0.10%

EUR:4.32420.68%

CHF:3.79470.89%

GBP:4.87010.48%

2018-11-16:

USD:3.7876-0.52%

EUR:4.2950-0.05%

CHF:3.7608-0.55%

GBP:4.8468-0.45%

2018-11-15:

USD:3.8074-0.11%

EUR:4.29700.04%

CHF:3.78140.18%

GBP:4.8686-1.52%

2018-11-14:

USD:3.8114-0.40%

EUR:4.2954-0.09%

CHF:3.7747-0.30%

GBP:4.94240.20%

2018-11-13:

USD:3.82680.27%

EUR:4.29940.07%

CHF:3.78620.14%

GBP:4.93250.60%

2018-11-12:

USD:3.81630.85%

EUR:4.29620.14%

CHF:3.78090.72%

GBP:4.9027-0.40%

2018-11-09:

USD:3.78380.63%

EUR:4.2901-0.12%

CHF:3.75350.08%

GBP:4.9221-0.20%

2018-11-08:

USD:3.75990.53%

EUR:4.2951-0.05%

CHF:3.7504-0.05%

GBP:4.93180.17%

2018-11-07:

USD:3.7398-1.08%

EUR:4.2972-0.33%

CHF:3.7522-0.27%

GBP:4.9235-0.25%

2018-11-06:

USD:3.7802-0.28%

EUR:4.3115-0.07%

CHF:3.7624-0.26%

GBP:4.93590.12%

2018-11-05:

USD:3.79070.27%

EUR:4.3144-0.23%

CHF:3.7722-0.27%

GBP:4.93020.11%

2018-11-02:

USD:3.7804-1.06%

EUR:4.3244-0.16%

CHF:3.7825-0.42%

GBP:4.92501.22%

2018-10-31:

USD:3.82030.71%

EUR:4.33130.34%

CHF:3.79820.15%

GBP:4.86500.03%

2018-10-29:

USD:3.79300.08%

EUR:4.31640.09%

CHF:3.79250.10%

GBP:4.86350.08%

2018-10-26:

USD:3.78990.27%

EUR:4.31250.00%

CHF:3.78870.03%

GBP:4.8597-0.36%

2018-10-25:

USD:3.77960.26%

EUR:4.31230.20%

CHF:3.78750.19%

GBP:4.87730.03%

2018-10-24:

USD:3.76980.57%

EUR:4.30360.12%

CHF:3.78020.36%

GBP:4.87580.11%

2018-10-23:

USD:3.74850.57%

EUR:4.29840.14%

CHF:3.76670.74%

GBP:4.87040.13%

2018-10-22:

USD:3.7273-0.88%

EUR:4.2922-0.30%

CHF:3.7387-0.96%

GBP:4.8642-0.76%

2018-10-19:

USD:3.76010.80%

EUR:4.30490.19%

CHF:3.77460.54%

GBP:4.90140.22%

2018-10-18:

USD:3.73020.48%

EUR:4.29660.07%

CHF:3.75430.23%

GBP:4.89060.23%

2018-10-17:

USD:3.71230.23%

EUR:4.29360.04%

CHF:3.7456-0.13%

GBP:4.8794-0.16%

2018-10-16:

USD:3.7036-0.15%

EUR:4.2919-0.02%

CHF:3.75050.01%

GBP:4.88720.31%

2018-10-15:

USD:3.7091-0.11%

EUR:4.2927-0.22%

CHF:3.75020.02%

GBP:4.8720-0.74%

2018-10-12:

USD:3.7130-0.72%

EUR:4.3022-0.36%

CHF:3.7494-0.86%

GBP:4.9081-0.52%

2018-10-11:

USD:3.7399-0.29%

EUR:4.31790.22%

CHF:3.78180.13%

GBP:4.93360.12%

2018-10-10:

USD:3.7507-0.33%

EUR:4.3082-0.25%

CHF:3.7770-0.24%

GBP:4.92760.23%

2018-10-09:

USD:3.76290.15%

EUR:4.31900.18%

CHF:3.7861-0.02%

GBP:4.91610.21%

2018-10-08:

USD:3.75740.15%

EUR:4.3112-0.01%

CHF:3.78690.34%

GBP:4.90580.33%

2018-10-05:

USD:3.75180.02%

EUR:4.31170.06%

CHF:3.7741-0.20%

GBP:4.88970.57%

2018-10-04:

USD:3.75121.09%

EUR:4.30900.33%

CHF:3.78160.44%

GBP:4.86180.67%

2018-10-03:

USD:3.7103-0.60%

EUR:4.2949-0.06%

CHF:3.7650-0.83%

GBP:4.8293-0.23%

2018-10-02:

USD:3.73261.23%

EUR:4.29750.42%

CHF:3.79621.34%

GBP:4.84030.52%

2018-10-01:

USD:3.68670.31%

EUR:4.27950.19%

CHF:3.7452-0.50%

GBP:4.81490.20%

2018-09-28:

USD:3.67540.54%

EUR:4.2714-0.23%

CHF:3.7638-0.16%

GBP:4.80550.15%

2018-09-27:

USD:3.65570.35%

EUR:4.2814-0.12%

CHF:3.7697-0.10%

GBP:4.79820.00%

2018-09-26:

USD:3.6430-0.22%

EUR:4.2865-0.17%

CHF:3.7735-0.10%

GBP:4.7980-0.01%

2018-09-25:

USD:3.6511-0.30%

EUR:4.2939-0.36%

CHF:3.7773-1.07%

GBP:4.7987-0.11%

2018-09-24:

USD:3.66200.60%

EUR:4.30920.38%

CHF:3.81770.21%

GBP:4.8040-0.16%

2018-09-21:

USD:3.6402-0.82%

EUR:4.29290.04%

CHF:3.80950.29%

GBP:4.8116-0.62%

2018-09-20:

USD:3.67020.05%

EUR:4.2912-0.04%

CHF:3.7985-0.05%

GBP:4.84120.01%

2018-09-19:

USD:3.6685-0.36%

EUR:4.2929-0.24%

CHF:3.8005-0.85%

GBP:4.84060.07%

2018-09-18:

USD:3.6817-0.16%

EUR:4.30300.14%

CHF:3.83270.33%

GBP:4.83700.12%

2018-09-17:

USD:3.68760.16%

EUR:4.2968-0.29%

CHF:3.81990.05%

GBP:4.8314-0.07%

2018-09-14:

USD:3.6817-0.85%

EUR:4.3093-0.08%

CHF:3.8178-0.23%

GBP:4.8346-0.18%

2018-09-13:

USD:3.7130-0.18%

EUR:4.31260.05%

CHF:3.82640.26%

GBP:4.8432-0.00%

2018-09-12:

USD:3.71980.30%

EUR:4.31030.06%

CHF:3.81660.25%

GBP:4.84330.13%

2018-09-11:

USD:3.7087-0.53%

EUR:4.3077-0.14%

CHF:3.8069-0.83%

GBP:4.83710.24%

2018-09-10:

USD:3.72830.77%

EUR:4.31380.14%

CHF:3.83840.13%

GBP:4.82550.76%

2018-09-07:

USD:3.6995-0.40%

EUR:4.3079-0.32%

CHF:3.83350.07%

GBP:4.7887-0.38%

2018-09-06:

USD:3.7143-0.50%

EUR:4.32180.08%

CHF:3.83090.02%

GBP:4.80710.45%

2018-09-05:

USD:3.73300.24%

EUR:4.31830.25%

CHF:3.83010.04%

GBP:4.78560.14%

2018-09-04:

USD:3.72410.67%

EUR:4.30730.28%

CHF:3.82870.46%

GBP:4.77900.21%

2018-09-03:

USD:3.69910.49%

EUR:4.29540.00%

CHF:3.81120.21%

GBP:4.7692-0.47%

2018-08-31:

USD:3.68080.23%

EUR:4.29530.08%

CHF:3.80330.43%

GBP:4.79170.33%

2018-08-30:

USD:3.6724-0.06%

EUR:4.29170.11%

CHF:3.78710.68%

GBP:4.77600.93%

2018-08-29:

USD:3.67470.54%

EUR:4.28710.32%

CHF:3.76130.56%

GBP:4.73160.32%

2018-08-28:

USD:3.6548-0.74%

EUR:4.2732-0.04%

CHF:3.7404-0.09%

GBP:4.7166-0.25%

2018-08-27:

USD:3.6820-0.53%

EUR:4.2748-0.12%

CHF:3.7437-0.42%

GBP:4.7282-0.46%

2018-08-24:

USD:3.7014-0.15%

EUR:4.2801-0.16%

CHF:3.7596-0.31%

GBP:4.7501-0.47%

2018-08-23:

USD:3.7069-0.09%

EUR:4.2868-0.16%

CHF:3.77140.02%

GBP:4.7724-0.16%

2018-08-22:

USD:3.7104-0.73%

EUR:4.2937-0.38%

CHF:3.7705-0.39%

GBP:4.7798-0.32%

2018-08-21:

USD:3.7375-0.86%

EUR:4.31010.24%

CHF:3.78530.04%

GBP:4.7951-0.12%

2018-08-20:

USD:3.7695-0.24%

EUR:4.2997-0.15%

CHF:3.7838-0.23%

GBP:4.8009-0.07%

2018-08-17:

USD:3.7784-0.23%

EUR:4.3061-0.10%

CHF:3.7926-0.54%

GBP:4.8043-0.19%

2018-08-16:

USD:3.78710.27%

EUR:4.31050.24%

CHF:3.81310.27%

GBP:4.8135-0.20%

2018-08-14:

USD:3.7768-0.25%

EUR:4.3001-0.22%

CHF:3.8027-0.07%

GBP:4.8232-0.14%

2018-08-13:

USD:3.78621.01%

EUR:4.30940.35%

CHF:3.80540.94%

GBP:4.82981.01%

2018-08-10:

USD:3.74811.69%

EUR:4.29420.53%

CHF:3.76971.67%

GBP:4.78120.73%

2018-08-09:

USD:3.68460.17%

EUR:4.27150.22%

CHF:3.70680.43%

GBP:4.7464-0.00%

2018-08-08:

USD:3.67820.16%

EUR:4.26190.15%

CHF:3.69080.03%

GBP:4.7465-0.33%

2018-08-07:

USD:3.6722-0.54%

EUR:4.2554-0.28%

CHF:3.6896-0.52%

GBP:4.7624-0.50%

2018-08-06:

USD:3.6920-0.02%

EUR:4.2672-0.20%

CHF:3.7088-0.08%

GBP:4.7863-0.25%

2018-08-03:

USD:3.69260.39%

EUR:4.27580.03%

CHF:3.71180.35%

GBP:4.7983-0.30%

2018-08-02:

USD:3.67830.49%

EUR:4.2745-0.03%

CHF:3.69880.28%

GBP:4.81280.29%

2018-08-01:

USD:3.66030.33%

EUR:4.2758-0.05%

CHF:3.6884-0.12%

GBP:4.79890.08%

2018-07-31:

USD:3.6481-0.56%

EUR:4.2779-0.13%

CHF:3.6928-0.01%

GBP:4.7950-0.43%

2018-07-30:

USD:3.6684-0.69%

EUR:4.2836-0.25%

CHF:3.6932-0.32%

GBP:4.8155-0.41%

2018-07-27:

USD:3.69370.78%

EUR:4.29450.04%

CHF:3.70500.38%

GBP:4.83530.11%

2018-07-26:

USD:3.6649-0.39%

EUR:4.2927-0.25%

CHF:3.6909-0.44%

GBP:4.8300-0.24%

2018-07-25:

USD:3.6793-0.62%

EUR:4.3035-0.51%

CHF:3.7070-0.43%

GBP:4.8414-0.28%

2018-07-24:

USD:3.70200.17%

EUR:4.3256-0.01%

CHF:3.7230-0.11%

GBP:4.85500.10%

2018-07-23:

USD:3.6957-0.58%

EUR:4.3262-0.03%

CHF:3.72710.19%

GBP:4.85000.26%

2018-07-20:

USD:3.71700.02%

EUR:4.32750.28%

CHF:3.71990.21%

GBP:4.83760.06%

2018-07-19:

USD:3.71630.36%

EUR:4.31550.28%

CHF:3.71210.48%

GBP:4.83480.15%

2018-07-18:

USD:3.70311.11%

EUR:4.30360.09%

CHF:3.69410.25%

GBP:4.8276-0.61%

2018-07-17:

USD:3.6619-0.57%

EUR:4.2998-0.18%

CHF:3.68500.09%

GBP:4.8572-0.49%

2018-07-16:

USD:3.6828-1.13%

EUR:4.3076-0.52%

CHF:3.6816-0.82%

GBP:4.8811-0.17%

2018-07-13:

USD:3.72440.51%

EUR:4.33020.09%

CHF:3.7118-0.11%

GBP:4.8896-0.12%

2018-07-12:

USD:3.70550.15%

EUR:4.3262-0.14%

CHF:3.7159-0.26%

GBP:4.8953-0.19%

2018-07-11:

USD:3.70000.07%

EUR:4.3322-0.08%

CHF:3.72550.07%

GBP:4.90480.12%

2018-07-10:

USD:3.69730.33%

EUR:4.3356-0.06%

CHF:3.7230-0.28%

GBP:4.8990-0.34%

2018-07-09:

USD:3.6850-1.01%

EUR:4.3380-0.51%

CHF:3.7334-0.46%

GBP:4.9159-0.30%

2018-07-06:

USD:3.7222-0.71%

EUR:4.3600-0.53%

CHF:3.7507-0.67%

GBP:4.9305-0.65%

2018-07-05:

USD:3.7485-0.73%

EUR:4.3833-0.31%

CHF:3.7759-0.71%

GBP:4.9627-0.48%

2018-07-04:

USD:3.77590.10%

EUR:4.3969-0.02%

CHF:3.80270.14%

GBP:4.98630.22%

2018-07-03:

USD:3.77230.05%

EUR:4.39780.18%

CHF:3.7973-0.12%

GBP:4.97540.19%

2018-07-02:

USD:3.77030.70%

EUR:4.38990.64%

CHF:3.80190.83%

GBP:4.96600.79%

2018-06-29:

USD:3.7440-0.71%

EUR:4.36160.11%

CHF:3.7702-0.16%

GBP:4.9270-0.14%

2018-06-28:

USD:3.77050.94%

EUR:4.35660.31%

CHF:3.77640.25%

GBP:4.93390.11%

2018-06-27:

USD:3.73510.54%

EUR:4.34300.13%

CHF:3.76690.20%

GBP:4.92850.01%

2018-06-26:

USD:3.71510.17%

EUR:4.33720.30%

CHF:3.75950.07%

GBP:4.92810.33%

2018-06-25:

USD:3.70870.30%

EUR:4.32420.22%

CHF:3.75670.53%

GBP:4.9119-0.18%

2018-06-22:

USD:3.6977-1.70%

EUR:4.3149-0.40%

CHF:3.7367-0.96%

GBP:4.9209-0.20%

2018-06-21:

USD:3.76070.68%

EUR:4.33230.35%

CHF:3.77260.68%

GBP:4.93090.30%

2018-06-20:

USD:3.73520.10%

EUR:4.31710.13%

CHF:3.74700.02%

GBP:4.9159-0.09%

2018-06-19:

USD:3.73160.84%

EUR:4.31130.52%

CHF:3.74620.89%

GBP:4.92020.40%

2018-06-18:

USD:3.70030.22%

EUR:4.28870.20%

CHF:3.71300.20%

GBP:4.90030.01%

2018-06-15:

USD:3.69222.08%

EUR:4.28020.11%

CHF:3.70560.74%

GBP:4.89980.82%

2018-06-14:

USD:3.6155-0.85%

EUR:4.2757-0.15%

CHF:3.6782-0.25%

GBP:4.85960.03%

2018-06-13:

USD:3.64610.52%

EUR:4.28200.10%

CHF:3.68740.03%

GBP:4.8582-0.05%

2018-06-12:

USD:3.62710.07%

EUR:4.27760.14%

CHF:3.68620.28%

GBP:4.86040.31%

2018-06-11:

USD:3.6247-0.64%

EUR:4.2717-0.46%

CHF:3.6760-1.02%

GBP:4.8451-0.93%

2018-06-08:

USD:3.64791.14%

EUR:4.29120.65%

CHF:3.71361.13%

GBP:4.89000.73%

2018-06-07:

USD:3.6062-1.13%

EUR:4.2634-0.46%

CHF:3.6717-0.77%

GBP:4.8542-0.76%

2018-06-06:

USD:3.6470-0.27%

EUR:4.28290.06%

CHF:3.7001-0.23%

GBP:4.8911-0.00%

2018-06-05:

USD:3.6569-0.26%

EUR:4.2804-0.30%

CHF:3.7087-0.35%

GBP:4.8913-0.18%

2018-06-04:

USD:3.6665-0.73%

EUR:4.2931-0.50%

CHF:3.7218-0.60%

GBP:4.9002-0.20%

2018-06-01:

USD:3.6934-0.72%

EUR:4.3146-0.11%

CHF:3.7442-0.36%

GBP:4.9102-0.57%

2018-05-30:

USD:3.7200-0.27%

EUR:4.31950.32%

CHF:3.75770.06%

GBP:4.93830.05%

2018-05-29:

USD:3.72991.21%

EUR:4.30560.06%

CHF:3.75541.09%

GBP:4.93560.54%

2018-05-28:

USD:3.68490.44%

EUR:4.30310.02%

CHF:3.71450.51%

GBP:4.90890.06%

2018-05-25:

USD:3.66860.26%

EUR:4.30220.16%

CHF:3.69560.18%

GBP:4.90610.01%

2018-05-24:

USD:3.6590-0.28%

EUR:4.2953-0.20%

CHF:3.6890-0.32%

GBP:4.90560.04%

2018-05-23:

USD:3.66931.20%

EUR:4.30370.52%

CHF:3.70071.68%

GBP:4.90340.45%

2018-05-22:

USD:3.6252-1.00%

EUR:4.2812-0.42%

CHF:3.6385-0.70%

GBP:4.8814-0.53%

2018-05-21:

USD:3.66150.63%

EUR:4.29910.08%

CHF:3.66410.62%

GBP:4.9071-0.09%

2018-05-18:

USD:3.63850.28%

EUR:4.29580.21%

CHF:3.64130.51%

GBP:4.91170.05%

2018-05-17:

USD:3.62830.12%

EUR:4.2868-0.06%

CHF:3.6229-0.14%

GBP:4.90930.44%

2018-05-16:

USD:3.62410.86%

EUR:4.28930.16%

CHF:3.62781.01%

GBP:4.88750.48%

2018-05-15:

USD:3.59311.04%

EUR:4.28230.49%

CHF:3.59120.89%

GBP:4.86400.67%

2018-05-14:

USD:3.5558-0.42%

EUR:4.26150.11%

CHF:3.5594-0.14%

GBP:4.83140.01%

2018-05-11:

USD:3.5708-0.18%

EUR:4.25690.23%

CHF:3.56430.04%

GBP:4.8311-0.42%

2018-05-10:

USD:3.5773-0.89%

EUR:4.2473-0.75%

CHF:3.5630-1.00%

GBP:4.8513-0.79%

2018-05-09:

USD:3.60900.57%

EUR:4.27900.30%

CHF:3.59880.68%

GBP:4.88940.87%

2018-05-08:

USD:3.58840.70%

EUR:4.26620.35%

CHF:3.57440.66%

GBP:4.84710.48%

2018-05-07:

USD:3.5634-0.34%

EUR:4.2513-0.61%

CHF:3.5509-0.79%

GBP:4.8236-0.40%

2018-05-04:

USD:3.57540.53%

EUR:4.27710.22%

CHF:3.57890.16%

GBP:4.8430-0.18%

2018-05-02:

USD:3.55631.95%

EUR:4.26751.10%

CHF:3.57311.39%

GBP:4.85161.29%

2018-04-30:

USD:3.4868-0.39%

EUR:4.2204-0.13%

CHF:3.5236-0.20%

GBP:4.7888-1.03%

2018-04-27:

USD:3.50030.50%

EUR:4.2259-0.31%

CHF:3.5306-0.26%

GBP:4.8379-0.16%

2018-04-26:

USD:3.48270.80%

EUR:4.23920.55%

CHF:3.53970.58%

GBP:4.84540.49%

2018-04-25:

USD:3.45480.43%

EUR:4.21590.42%

CHF:3.51930.10%

GBP:4.82180.45%

2018-04-24:

USD:3.44010.71%

EUR:4.19800.42%

CHF:3.51580.59%

GBP:4.80020.44%

2018-04-23:

USD:3.41560.81%

EUR:4.18020.19%

CHF:3.49500.35%

GBP:4.77900.27%

2018-04-20:

USD:3.38810.55%

EUR:4.17240.14%

CHF:3.48270.14%

GBP:4.7660-0.23%

2018-04-19:

USD:3.3693-0.08%

EUR:4.1665-0.03%

CHF:3.4777-0.08%

GBP:4.7770-0.19%

2018-04-18:

USD:3.37210.44%

EUR:4.16770.23%

CHF:3.4805-0.33%

GBP:4.7861-0.50%

2018-04-17:

USD:3.3572-0.28%

EUR:4.1582-0.11%

CHF:3.4921-0.38%

GBP:4.81020.11%

2018-04-16:

USD:3.3666-0.58%

EUR:4.1628-0.34%

CHF:3.5054-0.46%

GBP:4.8047-0.68%

2018-04-13:

USD:3.3862-0.18%

EUR:4.1769-0.27%

CHF:3.5214-0.25%

GBP:4.83720.72%

2018-04-12:

USD:3.39240.19%

EUR:4.1882-0.07%

CHF:3.5303-0.10%

GBP:4.8022-0.10%

2018-04-11:

USD:3.3859-0.62%

EUR:4.1911-0.19%

CHF:3.5340-0.89%

GBP:4.8069-0.41%

2018-04-10:

USD:3.4068-0.31%

EUR:4.19900.05%

CHF:3.56530.10%

GBP:4.82670.10%

2018-04-09:

USD:3.4174-0.41%

EUR:4.1967-0.04%

CHF:3.5618-0.01%

GBP:4.82210.34%

2018-04-06:

USD:3.43150.04%

EUR:4.1984-0.20%

CHF:3.5620-0.17%

GBP:4.8056-0.22%

2018-04-05:

USD:3.43010.22%

EUR:4.20700.01%

CHF:3.5681-0.11%

GBP:4.8160-0.04%

2018-04-04:

USD:3.42240.14%

EUR:4.2065-0.07%

CHF:3.5719-0.32%

GBP:4.81790.11%

2018-04-03:

USD:3.41770.11%

EUR:4.20940.02%

CHF:3.58320.06%

GBP:4.81240.31%

2018-03-30:

USD:3.4139-0.18%

EUR:4.2085-0.02%

CHF:3.58120.23%

GBP:4.7974-0.09%

2018-03-29:

USD:3.42010.72%

EUR:4.2093-0.01%

CHF:3.5728-0.01%

GBP:4.8018-0.13%

2018-03-28:

USD:3.39560.10%

EUR:4.2097-0.16%

CHF:3.5731-0.31%

GBP:4.80810.18%

2018-03-27:

USD:3.3921-0.66%

EUR:4.2164-0.36%

CHF:3.5843-0.69%

GBP:4.7993-1.00%

2018-03-26:

USD:3.4145-0.51%

EUR:4.23160.05%

CHF:3.6089-0.34%

GBP:4.84750.22%

Analizy Debaty

wskazniki_rozwoju_społecznego_PKB_per_capita

Wskaźniki ekonomiczne

21.03.2019

Skazani na PKB

Jest wiele powodów, by krytykować Produkt Krajowy Brutto (PKB) jako miernik potencjału gospodarczego i dobrobytu. Regularnie różni ekonomiści, włącznie z laureatami Nagrody Nobla proponują, by zastąpić go innym, uwzględniającym więcej zjawisk składających się na dobrobyt. Bez powodzenia. Parafrazując Churchilla, PKB jest najgorszym miernikiem gospodarczym, jeżeli nie liczyć wszystkich innych.

Witold Gadomski

Badania ekonomiczne

21.03.2019

Pożyczki studenckie mogą powodować podwyżki czesnego

Aby wypłacać bezwarunkową pensję każdemu Amerykaninowi, wpływy z federalnych podatków musiałyby wzrosnąć o 100 proc.; za szybki wzrost czesnego w szkołach wyższych może odpowiadać łatwiejszy dostęp do pożyczek studenckich; po urodzeniu dziecka długoterminowe dochody matki spadają nawet o 60 proc. - to tylko niektóre z wniosków z najnowszych ekonomicznych badań naukowych.

Debata ekonomiczna 20.03.2019