Obserwator Finansowy – biznes, makroekonomia i finanse publiczne dla ekspertów.

Oko na gospodarkę: U bogatych podatki spadają, u biednych wzrastają

Ciężar podatków najbardziej zmalał od 2000 r. niemal wyłącznie w bogatych krajach należących do OECD – najsilniej w Irlandii i Szwecji. W krajach Afryki i Ameryki Łacińskiej podatki wzrastają, ale nadal są niskie. W Polsce w relacji do PKB są one na niższym poziomie niż średnio w krajach OECD.
Turcja na krawędzi kryzysu znalazła się na własne życzenie

Przy inflacji przekraczającej 15 proc. i spadku wartości liry wobec dolara wynoszącym niemal jedną czwartą od stycznia, o sytuacji gospodarczej Turcji coraz częściej mówi się w kontekście kryzysu walutowego. Taka sytuacja to wynik wielu lat zaniedbań i błędów w polityce gospodarczej.
Pracownicy naukowi przynoszą więcej korzyści niż kreatywne pięknoduchy

W Niemczech innowacyjność pracowników kreatywnych jest ograniczona do ich firm, podczas gdy pracownicy naukowi generują znaczne efekty rozlewania się innowacyjności (innovation spillovers). Polityka publiczna przyniesie większe korzyści, jeśli skoncentruje się na tych drugich i będzie wykraczać poza największe miasta.
Budowniczowie odzyskują głos

Wśród wydanych ostatnio książek o najnowszej historii Polski praca profesora Mariana Marka Drozdowskiego wyróżnia się tym, że jej bohaterowie pozostawili po sobie wiele dzieł, z których korzystamy do dziś.

2018-08-17:

USD:3.7784-0.23%

EUR:4.3061-0.10%

CHF:3.7926-0.54%

GBP:4.8043-0.19%

2018-08-16:

USD:3.78710.27%

EUR:4.31050.24%

CHF:3.81310.27%

GBP:4.8135-0.20%

2018-08-14:

USD:3.7768-0.25%

EUR:4.3001-0.22%

CHF:3.8027-0.07%

GBP:4.8232-0.14%

2018-08-13:

USD:3.78621.01%

EUR:4.30940.35%

CHF:3.80540.94%

GBP:4.82981.01%

2018-08-10:

USD:3.74811.69%

EUR:4.29420.53%

CHF:3.76971.67%

GBP:4.78120.73%

2018-08-09:

USD:3.68460.17%

EUR:4.27150.22%

CHF:3.70680.43%

GBP:4.7464-0.00%

2018-08-08:

USD:3.67820.16%

EUR:4.26190.15%

CHF:3.69080.03%

GBP:4.7465-0.33%

2018-08-07:

USD:3.6722-0.54%

EUR:4.2554-0.28%

CHF:3.6896-0.52%

GBP:4.7624-0.50%

2018-08-06:

USD:3.6920-0.02%

EUR:4.2672-0.20%

CHF:3.7088-0.08%

GBP:4.7863-0.25%

2018-08-03:

USD:3.69260.39%

EUR:4.27580.03%

CHF:3.71180.35%

GBP:4.7983-0.30%

2018-08-02:

USD:3.67830.49%

EUR:4.2745-0.03%

CHF:3.69880.28%

GBP:4.81280.29%

2018-08-01:

USD:3.66030%

EUR:4.27580%

CHF:3.68840%

GBP:4.79890%

2018-07-31:

USD:3.6481-0.56%

EUR:4.2779-0.13%

CHF:3.6928-0.01%

GBP:4.7950-0.43%

2018-07-30:

USD:3.6684-0.69%

EUR:4.2836-0.25%

CHF:3.6932-0.32%

GBP:4.8155-0.41%

2018-07-27:

USD:3.69370.78%

EUR:4.29450.04%

CHF:3.70500.38%

GBP:4.83530.11%

2018-07-26:

USD:3.6649-0.39%

EUR:4.2927-0.25%

CHF:3.6909-0.44%

GBP:4.8300-0.24%

2018-07-25:

USD:3.6793-0.62%

EUR:4.3035-0.51%

CHF:3.7070-0.43%

GBP:4.8414-0.28%

2018-07-24:

USD:3.70200.17%

EUR:4.3256-0.01%

CHF:3.7230-0.11%

GBP:4.85500.10%

2018-07-23:

USD:3.6957-0.58%

EUR:4.3262-0.03%

CHF:3.72710.19%

GBP:4.85000.26%

2018-07-20:

USD:3.71700.02%

EUR:4.32750.28%

CHF:3.71990.21%

GBP:4.83760.06%

2018-07-19:

USD:3.71630.36%

EUR:4.31550.28%

CHF:3.71210.48%

GBP:4.83480.15%

2018-07-18:

USD:3.70311.11%

EUR:4.30360.09%

CHF:3.69410.25%

GBP:4.8276-0.61%

2018-07-17:

USD:3.6619-0.57%

EUR:4.2998-0.18%

CHF:3.68500.09%

GBP:4.8572-0.49%

2018-07-16:

USD:3.6828-1.13%

EUR:4.3076-0.52%

CHF:3.6816-0.82%

GBP:4.8811-0.17%

2018-07-13:

USD:3.72440.51%

EUR:4.33020.09%

CHF:3.7118-0.11%

GBP:4.8896-0.12%

2018-07-12:

USD:3.70550.15%

EUR:4.3262-0.14%

CHF:3.7159-0.26%

GBP:4.8953-0.19%

2018-07-11:

USD:3.70000.07%

EUR:4.3322-0.08%

CHF:3.72550.07%

GBP:4.90480.12%

2018-07-10:

USD:3.69730.33%

EUR:4.3356-0.06%

CHF:3.7230-0.28%

GBP:4.8990-0.34%

2018-07-09:

USD:3.6850-1.01%

EUR:4.3380-0.51%

CHF:3.7334-0.46%

GBP:4.9159-0.30%

2018-07-06:

USD:3.7222-0.71%

EUR:4.3600-0.53%

CHF:3.7507-0.67%

GBP:4.9305-0.65%

2018-07-05:

USD:3.7485-0.73%

EUR:4.3833-0.31%

CHF:3.7759-0.71%

GBP:4.9627-0.48%

2018-07-04:

USD:3.77590.10%

EUR:4.3969-0.02%

CHF:3.80270.14%

GBP:4.98630.22%

2018-07-03:

USD:3.77230.05%

EUR:4.39780.18%

CHF:3.7973-0.12%

GBP:4.97540.19%

2018-07-02:

USD:3.77030%

EUR:4.38990%

CHF:3.80190%

GBP:4.96600%

2018-05-30:

USD:3.7200-0.27%

EUR:4.31950.32%

CHF:3.75770.06%

GBP:4.93830.05%

2018-05-29:

USD:3.72991.21%

EUR:4.30560.06%

CHF:3.75541.09%

GBP:4.93560.54%

2018-05-28:

USD:3.68490.44%

EUR:4.30310.02%

CHF:3.71450.51%

GBP:4.90890.06%

2018-05-25:

USD:3.66860.26%

EUR:4.30220.16%

CHF:3.69560.18%

GBP:4.90610.01%

2018-05-24:

USD:3.6590-0.28%

EUR:4.2953-0.20%

CHF:3.6890-0.32%

GBP:4.90560.04%

2018-05-23:

USD:3.66931.20%

EUR:4.30370.52%

CHF:3.70071.68%

GBP:4.90340.45%

2018-05-22:

USD:3.6252-1.00%

EUR:4.2812-0.42%

CHF:3.6385-0.70%

GBP:4.8814-0.53%

2018-05-21:

USD:3.66150.63%

EUR:4.29910.08%

CHF:3.66410.62%

GBP:4.9071-0.09%

2018-05-18:

USD:3.63850.28%

EUR:4.29580.21%

CHF:3.64130.51%

GBP:4.91170.05%

2018-05-17:

USD:3.62830.12%

EUR:4.2868-0.06%

CHF:3.6229-0.14%

GBP:4.90930.44%

2018-05-16:

USD:3.62410.86%

EUR:4.28930.16%

CHF:3.62781.01%

GBP:4.88750.48%

2018-05-15:

USD:3.59311.04%

EUR:4.28230.49%

CHF:3.59120.89%

GBP:4.86400.67%

2018-05-14:

USD:3.5558-0.42%

EUR:4.26150.11%

CHF:3.5594-0.14%

GBP:4.83140.01%

2018-05-11:

USD:3.5708-0.18%

EUR:4.25690.23%

CHF:3.56430.04%

GBP:4.8311-0.42%

2018-05-10:

USD:3.5773-0.89%

EUR:4.2473-0.75%

CHF:3.5630-1.00%

GBP:4.8513-0.79%

2018-05-09:

USD:3.60900.57%

EUR:4.27900.30%

CHF:3.59880.68%

GBP:4.88940.87%

2018-05-08:

USD:3.58840.70%

EUR:4.26620.35%

CHF:3.57440.66%

GBP:4.84710.48%

2018-05-07:

USD:3.5634-0.34%

EUR:4.2513-0.61%

CHF:3.5509-0.79%

GBP:4.8236-0.40%

2018-05-04:

USD:3.57540.53%

EUR:4.27710.22%

CHF:3.57890.16%

GBP:4.8430-0.18%

2018-05-02:

USD:3.55630%

EUR:4.26750%

CHF:3.57310%

GBP:4.85160%

2018-03-30:

USD:3.4139-0.18%

EUR:4.2085-0.02%

CHF:3.58120.23%

GBP:4.7974-0.09%

2018-03-29:

USD:3.42010.72%

EUR:4.2093-0.01%

CHF:3.5728-0.01%

GBP:4.8018-0.13%

2018-03-28:

USD:3.39560.10%

EUR:4.2097-0.16%

CHF:3.5731-0.31%

GBP:4.80810.18%

2018-03-27:

USD:3.3921-0.66%

EUR:4.2164-0.36%

CHF:3.5843-0.69%

GBP:4.7993-1.00%

2018-03-26:

USD:3.4145-0.51%

EUR:4.23160.05%

CHF:3.6089-0.34%

GBP:4.84750.22%

2018-03-23:

USD:3.43190.16%

EUR:4.22950.08%

CHF:3.62110.22%

GBP:4.8368-0.16%

2018-03-22:

USD:3.4264-0.82%

EUR:4.2261-0.37%

CHF:3.6133-0.20%

GBP:4.8445-0.25%

2018-03-21:

USD:3.45440.72%

EUR:4.24160.41%

CHF:3.62050.47%

GBP:4.85640.93%

2018-03-20:

USD:3.4296-0.13%

EUR:4.22420.16%

CHF:3.60350.07%

GBP:4.81140.27%

2018-03-19:

USD:3.43410.37%

EUR:4.21760.03%

CHF:3.6009-0.05%

GBP:4.79820.43%

2018-03-16:

USD:3.42140.28%

EUR:4.2162-0.01%

CHF:3.6028-0.12%

GBP:4.77780.46%

2018-03-15:

USD:3.41170.18%

EUR:4.21680.13%

CHF:3.60730.18%

GBP:4.75560.11%

2018-03-14:

USD:3.4055-0.26%

EUR:4.21140.04%

CHF:3.6009-0.02%

GBP:4.75060.21%

2018-03-13:

USD:3.41430.23%

EUR:4.20970.37%

CHF:3.60160.42%

GBP:4.74040.43%

2018-03-12:

USD:3.4066-0.19%

EUR:4.1942-0.11%

CHF:3.5865-0.16%

GBP:4.72000.12%

2018-03-09:

USD:3.41320.58%

EUR:4.1989-0.08%

CHF:3.59230.04%

GBP:4.71420.20%

2018-03-08:

USD:3.39350.56%

EUR:4.20240.24%

CHF:3.5907-0.24%

GBP:4.70460.55%

2018-03-07:

USD:3.3744-0.57%

EUR:4.19220.07%

CHF:3.5992-0.34%

GBP:4.6788-0.45%

2018-03-06:

USD:3.3936-0.17%

EUR:4.1891-0.01%

CHF:3.6114-0.57%

GBP:4.70000.05%

2018-03-05:

USD:3.3995-0.60%

EUR:4.1895-0.22%

CHF:3.6321-0.41%

GBP:4.6975-0.29%

2018-03-02:

USD:3.4200-0.46%

EUR:4.19860.31%

CHF:3.64700.38%

GBP:4.7109-0.21%

2018-03-01:

USD:3.43560%

EUR:4.18540%

CHF:3.63330%

GBP:4.72070%

2018-01-31:

USD:3.3318-0.37%

EUR:4.14880.07%

CHF:3.5755-0.13%

GBP:4.70760.03%

2018-01-30:

USD:3.34420.20%

EUR:4.14610.09%

CHF:3.58020.49%

GBP:4.7061-0.04%

2018-01-29:

USD:3.33750.23%

EUR:4.1423-0.13%

CHF:3.5625-0.05%

GBP:4.7082-0.86%

2018-01-26:

USD:3.3299-0.23%

EUR:4.1477-0.04%

CHF:3.56440.49%

GBP:4.7489-0.42%

2018-01-25:

USD:3.3376-1.12%

EUR:4.1493-0.35%

CHF:3.54700.03%

GBP:4.76880.26%

2018-01-24:

USD:3.3750-0.99%

EUR:4.1637-0.18%

CHF:3.54600.18%

GBP:4.75630.08%

2018-01-23:

USD:3.40840.14%

EUR:4.17120.04%

CHF:3.5396-0.21%

GBP:4.75270.47%

2018-01-22:

USD:3.40360.12%

EUR:4.1696-0.13%

CHF:3.5472-0.29%

GBP:4.73040.01%

2018-01-19:

USD:3.3994-0.34%

EUR:4.17500.21%

CHF:3.55760.30%

GBP:4.73010.18%

2018-01-18:

USD:3.4108-0.00%

EUR:4.1663-0.18%

CHF:3.54710.21%

GBP:4.72160.35%

2018-01-17:

USD:3.4109-0.24%

EUR:4.1739-0.21%

CHF:3.5398-0.08%

GBP:4.7051-0.02%

2018-01-16:

USD:3.41900.53%

EUR:4.18250.31%

CHF:3.54280.27%

GBP:4.70600.34%

2018-01-15:

USD:3.4010-1.05%

EUR:4.16960.06%

CHF:3.5334-0.09%

GBP:4.69020.27%

2018-01-12:

USD:3.4366-1.70%

EUR:4.1669-0.21%

CHF:3.5365-0.90%

GBP:4.6777-0.77%

2018-01-11:

USD:3.4950-0.14%

EUR:4.1758-0.06%

CHF:3.56830.17%

GBP:4.7136-0.22%

2018-01-10:

USD:3.49990.02%

EUR:4.17840.01%

CHF:3.56230.00%

GBP:4.7240-0.23%

2018-01-09:

USD:3.49920.73%

EUR:4.17790.32%

CHF:3.56220.34%

GBP:4.73470.75%

2018-01-08:

USD:3.47350.71%

EUR:4.16470.25%

CHF:3.55020.57%

GBP:4.69900.70%

2018-01-05:

USD:3.44880.05%

EUR:4.15440.07%

CHF:3.5298-0.03%

GBP:4.6663-0.06%

2018-01-04:

USD:3.4472-0.42%

EUR:4.1515-0.38%

CHF:3.5308-0.80%

GBP:4.6691-0.73%

2018-01-03:

USD:3.46160.20%

EUR:4.1673-0.07%

CHF:3.55920.07%

GBP:4.70300.48%

2018-01-02:

USD:3.45460%

EUR:4.17010%

CHF:3.55670%

GBP:4.68050%

2017-12-29:

USD:3.4813-0.67%

EUR:4.1709-0.25%

CHF:3.5672-0.12%

GBP:4.7001-0.27%

2017-12-28:

USD:3.5046-0.59%

EUR:4.1815-0.22%

CHF:3.57160.18%

GBP:4.7126-0.31%

2017-12-27:

USD:3.5253-0.40%

EUR:4.1909-0.06%

CHF:3.5651-0.32%

GBP:4.7272-0.24%

2017-12-22:

USD:3.53930.07%

EUR:4.1935-0.20%

CHF:3.5764-0.19%

GBP:4.73870.15%

2017-12-21:

USD:3.5369-0.25%

EUR:4.20180.10%

CHF:3.5832-0.26%

GBP:4.7318-0.35%

2017-12-20:

USD:3.5459-0.35%

EUR:4.1975-0.09%

CHF:3.5925-0.58%

GBP:4.7483-0.20%

2017-12-19:

USD:3.5583-0.44%

EUR:4.2011-0.29%

CHF:3.6134-0.01%

GBP:4.7578-0.29%

2017-12-18:

USD:3.5740-0.13%

EUR:4.2134-0.20%

CHF:3.6137-0.25%

GBP:4.7717-0.72%

2017-12-15:

USD:3.57860.20%

EUR:4.22170.00%

CHF:3.62270.23%

GBP:4.80610.00%

2017-12-14:

USD:3.5716-0.46%

EUR:4.22160.14%

CHF:3.6144-0.12%

GBP:4.80600.34%

2017-12-13:

USD:3.58800.48%

EUR:4.21550.19%

CHF:3.61860.28%

GBP:4.78950.51%

2017-12-12:

USD:3.57080.21%

EUR:4.20770.09%

CHF:3.60850.33%

GBP:4.76520.01%

2017-12-11:

USD:3.5633-0.49%

EUR:4.20380.03%

CHF:3.59650.11%

GBP:4.7646-1.29%

2017-12-08:

USD:3.58080.24%

EUR:4.2026-0.21%

CHF:3.5924-0.29%

GBP:4.82610.95%

2017-12-07:

USD:3.57220.19%

EUR:4.2115-0.09%

CHF:3.6028-0.12%

GBP:4.78010.18%

2017-12-06:

USD:3.56530.56%

EUR:4.21540.31%

CHF:3.60710.30%

GBP:4.77150.24%

2017-12-05:

USD:3.5454-0.13%

EUR:4.2024-0.14%

CHF:3.5963-0.39%

GBP:4.7600-0.18%

2017-12-04:

USD:3.54990.41%

EUR:4.20820.01%

CHF:3.61050.43%

GBP:4.76850.02%

2017-12-01:

USD:3.53520%

EUR:4.20780%

CHF:3.59500%

GBP:4.76750%

2017-10-31:

USD:3.65290.27%

EUR:4.24980.22%

CHF:3.66030.24%

GBP:4.82330.57%

2017-10-30:

USD:3.6430-0.38%

EUR:4.2403-0.28%

CHF:3.6515-0.16%

GBP:4.79560.21%

2017-10-27:

USD:3.65681.72%

EUR:4.25200.15%

CHF:3.65750.70%

GBP:4.78560.78%

2017-10-26:

USD:3.5939-0.19%

EUR:4.24580.21%

CHF:3.63180.07%

GBP:4.74820.09%

2017-10-25:

USD:3.6006-0.07%

EUR:4.2370-0.03%

CHF:3.6293-0.69%

GBP:4.7441-0.24%

2017-10-24:

USD:3.6031-0.08%

EUR:4.23820.05%

CHF:3.6544-0.05%

GBP:4.75530.07%

2017-10-23:

USD:3.60610.26%

EUR:4.2359-0.22%

CHF:3.6564-0.10%

GBP:4.75200.63%

2017-10-20:

USD:3.59660.19%

EUR:4.24520.17%

CHF:3.6601-0.26%

GBP:4.72210.03%

2017-10-19:

USD:3.5896-0.31%

EUR:4.23810.21%

CHF:3.6695-0.10%

GBP:4.7208-0.39%

2017-10-18:

USD:3.60060.12%

EUR:4.2293-0.05%

CHF:3.6733-0.17%

GBP:4.7392-0.67%

2017-10-17:

USD:3.5964-0.11%

EUR:4.2313-0.32%

CHF:3.6796-0.32%

GBP:4.7709-0.38%

2017-10-16:

USD:3.6004-0.02%

EUR:4.2449-0.36%

CHF:3.6914-0.04%

GBP:4.7889-0.04%

2017-10-13:

USD:3.60100.03%

EUR:4.2603-0.24%

CHF:3.6927-0.11%

GBP:4.79090.57%

2017-10-12:

USD:3.6000-0.61%

EUR:4.2705-0.31%

CHF:3.6969-0.47%

GBP:4.7635-0.35%

2017-10-11:

USD:3.6219-0.69%

EUR:4.2836-0.27%

CHF:3.7144-0.44%

GBP:4.7803-0.54%

2017-10-10:

USD:3.6468-0.75%

EUR:4.2952-0.39%

CHF:3.7306-0.63%

GBP:4.8061-0.20%

2017-10-09:

USD:3.6743-0.15%

EUR:4.31210.18%

CHF:3.7541-0.07%

GBP:4.81580.08%

2017-10-06:

USD:3.67990.81%

EUR:4.30420.13%

CHF:3.75670.35%

GBP:4.8121-0.07%

2017-10-05:

USD:3.6502-0.26%

EUR:4.2985-0.09%

CHF:3.7435-0.39%

GBP:4.8157-0.84%

2017-10-04:

USD:3.6597-0.38%

EUR:4.3025-0.19%

CHF:3.7581-0.10%

GBP:4.8561-0.22%

2017-10-03:

USD:3.67370.03%

EUR:4.3105-0.07%

CHF:3.7618-0.55%

GBP:4.8668-0.51%

2017-10-02:

USD:3.67260%

EUR:4.31370%

CHF:3.78250%

GBP:4.89140%

2017-08-31:

USD:3.58220.40%

EUR:4.26180.02%

CHF:3.7184-0.38%

GBP:4.61830.21%

2017-08-30:

USD:3.56780.86%

EUR:4.2610-0.12%

CHF:3.7326-0.23%

GBP:4.60850.51%

2017-08-29:

USD:3.5372-1.03%

EUR:4.26610.05%

CHF:3.7410-0.24%

GBP:4.5852-0.58%

2017-08-28:

USD:3.5736-1.05%

EUR:4.26400.09%

CHF:3.75010.08%

GBP:4.6117-0.33%

2017-08-25:

USD:3.6112-0.60%

EUR:4.2600-0.53%

CHF:3.7472-0.45%

GBP:4.6269-0.61%

2017-08-24:

USD:3.63290.15%

EUR:4.28270.14%

CHF:3.76390.48%

GBP:4.65510.25%

2017-08-23:

USD:3.6274-0.17%

EUR:4.2767-0.01%

CHF:3.7459-0.44%

GBP:4.6433-0.56%

2017-08-22:

USD:3.6334-0.20%

EUR:4.27720.06%

CHF:3.7623-0.05%

GBP:4.6694-0.40%

2017-08-21:

USD:3.6408-0.14%

EUR:4.2747-0.18%

CHF:3.7641-0.77%

GBP:4.6882-0.36%

2017-08-18:

USD:3.64590.55%

EUR:4.28260.67%

CHF:3.79310.95%

GBP:4.70490.66%

2017-08-17:

USD:3.6258-0.49%

EUR:4.2541-0.43%

CHF:3.75690.44%

GBP:4.6738-0.50%

2017-08-16:

USD:3.64350.43%

EUR:4.2724-0.23%

CHF:3.7403-0.42%

GBP:4.6970-0.24%

2017-08-14:

USD:3.6278-0.47%

EUR:4.2823-0.07%

CHF:3.7559-1.11%

GBP:4.7084-0.41%

2017-08-11:

USD:3.64490.05%

EUR:4.28510.33%

CHF:3.79750.67%

GBP:4.7276-0.08%

2017-08-10:

USD:3.64320.25%

EUR:4.27090.17%

CHF:3.77200.07%

GBP:4.73150.13%

2017-08-09:

USD:3.63420.87%

EUR:4.26380.23%

CHF:3.76931.74%

GBP:4.72520.56%

2017-08-08:

USD:3.60270.09%

EUR:4.25410.17%

CHF:3.70360.05%

GBP:4.69860.06%

2017-08-07:

USD:3.59950.81%

EUR:4.24690.11%

CHF:3.70180.32%

GBP:4.69580.04%

2017-08-04:

USD:3.5702-0.61%

EUR:4.2423-0.27%

CHF:3.6898-0.47%

GBP:4.6938-1.40%

2017-08-03:

USD:3.59180.15%

EUR:4.25380.05%

CHF:3.7072-0.02%

GBP:4.75950.22%

2017-08-02:

USD:3.5863-0.36%

EUR:4.2515-0.08%

CHF:3.7081-0.56%

GBP:4.7492-0.27%

2017-08-01:

USD:3.59910%

EUR:4.25480%

CHF:3.72880%

GBP:4.76220%

2017-07-31:

USD:3.6264-0.39%

EUR:4.2545-0.17%

CHF:3.7381-0.29%

GBP:4.7520-0.29%

2017-07-28:

USD:3.64060.11%

EUR:4.2617-0.08%

CHF:3.7490-1.67%

GBP:4.7657-0.25%

2017-07-27:

USD:3.6366-0.81%

EUR:4.26500.09%

CHF:3.8116-0.76%

GBP:4.77740.11%

2017-07-26:

USD:3.66610.39%

EUR:4.26110.12%

CHF:3.8404-0.37%

GBP:4.77220.28%

2017-07-25:

USD:3.65190.34%

EUR:4.25590.34%

CHF:3.85480.15%

GBP:4.75890.35%

2017-07-24:

USD:3.63950.21%

EUR:4.24130.24%

CHF:3.84890.76%

GBP:4.74210.49%

2017-07-21:

USD:3.6320-0.78%

EUR:4.23110.46%

CHF:3.8195-0.21%

GBP:4.7190-0.85%

2017-07-20:

USD:3.66040.32%

EUR:4.21170.14%

CHF:3.82760.05%

GBP:4.75930.13%

2017-07-19:

USD:3.64860.05%

EUR:4.20570.06%

CHF:3.82560.44%

GBP:4.75300.07%

2017-07-18:

USD:3.6469-0.82%

EUR:4.2032-0.14%

CHF:3.8088-0.16%

GBP:4.7499-1.17%

2017-07-17:

USD:3.6767-0.60%

EUR:4.2091-0.24%

CHF:3.8148-0.04%

GBP:4.80550.26%

2017-07-14:

USD:3.6986-0.40%

EUR:4.2194-0.36%

CHF:3.8162-0.93%

GBP:4.7931-0.15%

2017-07-13:

USD:3.71330.27%

EUR:4.2345-0.21%

CHF:3.85150.19%

GBP:4.80050.85%

2017-07-12:

USD:3.7034-0.54%

EUR:4.2432-0.01%

CHF:3.8442-0.01%

GBP:4.7596-1.03%

2017-07-11:

USD:3.72350.20%

EUR:4.24350.21%

CHF:3.8446-0.20%

GBP:4.80850.56%

2017-07-10:

USD:3.71600.25%

EUR:4.23480.03%

CHF:3.8521-0.01%

GBP:4.7818-0.18%

2017-07-07:

USD:3.7068-0.76%

EUR:4.2337-0.12%

CHF:3.8525-0.42%

GBP:4.7906-0.81%

2017-07-06:

USD:3.7351-0.32%

EUR:4.2388-0.27%

CHF:3.8688-0.24%

GBP:4.8294-0.13%

2017-07-05:

USD:3.74710.26%

EUR:4.25010.17%

CHF:3.87800.07%

GBP:4.83570.13%

2017-07-04:

USD:3.73720.47%

EUR:4.24280.23%

CHF:3.87520.04%

GBP:4.82960.15%

2017-07-03:

USD:3.71960%

EUR:4.23310%

CHF:3.87350%

GBP:4.82240%

2018-06-29:

USD:3.7440-0.71%

EUR:4.36160.11%

CHF:3.7702-0.16%

GBP:4.9270-0.14%

2018-06-28:

USD:3.77050.94%

EUR:4.35660.31%

CHF:3.77640.25%

GBP:4.93390.11%

2018-06-27:

USD:3.73510.54%

EUR:4.34300.13%

CHF:3.76690.20%

GBP:4.92850.01%

2018-06-26:

USD:3.71510.17%

EUR:4.33720.30%

CHF:3.75950.07%

GBP:4.92810.33%

2018-06-25:

USD:3.70870.30%

EUR:4.32420.22%

CHF:3.75670.53%

GBP:4.9119-0.18%

2018-06-22:

USD:3.6977-1.70%

EUR:4.3149-0.40%

CHF:3.7367-0.96%

GBP:4.9209-0.20%

2018-06-21:

USD:3.76070.68%

EUR:4.33230.35%

CHF:3.77260.68%

GBP:4.93090.30%

2018-06-20:

USD:3.73520.10%

EUR:4.31710.13%

CHF:3.74700.02%

GBP:4.9159-0.09%

2018-06-19:

USD:3.73160.84%

EUR:4.31130.52%

CHF:3.74620.89%

GBP:4.92020.40%

2018-06-18:

USD:3.70030.22%

EUR:4.28870.20%

CHF:3.71300.20%

GBP:4.90030.01%

2018-06-15:

USD:3.69222.08%

EUR:4.28020.11%

CHF:3.70560.74%

GBP:4.89980.82%

2018-06-14:

USD:3.6155-0.85%

EUR:4.2757-0.15%

CHF:3.6782-0.25%

GBP:4.85960.03%

2018-06-13:

USD:3.64610.52%

EUR:4.28200.10%

CHF:3.68740.03%

GBP:4.8582-0.05%

2018-06-12:

USD:3.62710.07%

EUR:4.27760.14%

CHF:3.68620.28%

GBP:4.86040.31%

2018-06-11:

USD:3.6247-0.64%

EUR:4.2717-0.46%

CHF:3.6760-1.02%

GBP:4.8451-0.93%

2018-06-08:

USD:3.64791.14%

EUR:4.29120.65%

CHF:3.71361.13%

GBP:4.89000.73%

2018-06-07:

USD:3.6062-1.13%

EUR:4.2634-0.46%

CHF:3.6717-0.77%

GBP:4.8542-0.76%

2018-06-06:

USD:3.6470-0.27%

EUR:4.28290.06%

CHF:3.7001-0.23%

GBP:4.8911-0.00%

2018-06-05:

USD:3.6569-0.26%

EUR:4.2804-0.30%

CHF:3.7087-0.35%

GBP:4.8913-0.18%

2018-06-04:

USD:3.6665-0.73%

EUR:4.2931-0.50%

CHF:3.7218-0.60%

GBP:4.9002-0.20%

2018-06-01:

USD:3.69340%

EUR:4.31460%

CHF:3.74420%

GBP:4.91020%

2018-04-30:

USD:3.4868-0.39%

EUR:4.2204-0.13%

CHF:3.5236-0.20%

GBP:4.7888-1.03%

2018-04-27:

USD:3.50030.50%

EUR:4.2259-0.31%

CHF:3.5306-0.26%

GBP:4.8379-0.16%

2018-04-26:

USD:3.48270.80%

EUR:4.23920.55%

CHF:3.53970.58%

GBP:4.84540.49%

2018-04-25:

USD:3.45480.43%

EUR:4.21590.42%

CHF:3.51930.10%

GBP:4.82180.45%

2018-04-24:

USD:3.44010.71%

EUR:4.19800.42%

CHF:3.51580.59%

GBP:4.80020.44%

2018-04-23:

USD:3.41560.81%

EUR:4.18020.19%

CHF:3.49500.35%

GBP:4.77900.27%

2018-04-20:

USD:3.38810.55%

EUR:4.17240.14%

CHF:3.48270.14%

GBP:4.7660-0.23%

2018-04-19:

USD:3.3693-0.08%

EUR:4.1665-0.03%

CHF:3.4777-0.08%

GBP:4.7770-0.19%

2018-04-18:

USD:3.37210.44%

EUR:4.16770.23%

CHF:3.4805-0.33%

GBP:4.7861-0.50%

2018-04-17:

USD:3.3572-0.28%

EUR:4.1582-0.11%

CHF:3.4921-0.38%

GBP:4.81020.11%

2018-04-16:

USD:3.3666-0.58%

EUR:4.1628-0.34%

CHF:3.5054-0.46%

GBP:4.8047-0.68%

2018-04-13:

USD:3.3862-0.18%

EUR:4.1769-0.27%

CHF:3.5214-0.25%

GBP:4.83720.72%

2018-04-12:

USD:3.39240.19%

EUR:4.1882-0.07%

CHF:3.5303-0.10%

GBP:4.8022-0.10%

2018-04-11:

USD:3.3859-0.62%

EUR:4.1911-0.19%

CHF:3.5340-0.89%

GBP:4.8069-0.41%

2018-04-10:

USD:3.4068-0.31%

EUR:4.19900.05%

CHF:3.56530.10%

GBP:4.82670.10%

2018-04-09:

USD:3.4174-0.41%

EUR:4.1967-0.04%

CHF:3.5618-0.01%

GBP:4.82210.34%

2018-04-06:

USD:3.43150.04%

EUR:4.1984-0.20%

CHF:3.5620-0.17%

GBP:4.8056-0.22%

2018-04-05:

USD:3.43010.22%

EUR:4.20700.01%

CHF:3.5681-0.11%

GBP:4.8160-0.04%

2018-04-04:

USD:3.42240.14%

EUR:4.2065-0.07%

CHF:3.5719-0.32%

GBP:4.81790.11%

2018-04-03:

USD:3.41770%

EUR:4.20940%

CHF:3.58320%

GBP:4.81240%

2017-11-30:

USD:3.55430.44%

EUR:4.20550.15%

CHF:3.60080.10%

GBP:4.78470.92%

2017-11-29:

USD:3.53850.01%

EUR:4.1991-0.20%

CHF:3.5971-0.09%

GBP:4.74050.70%

2017-11-28:

USD:3.53820.30%

EUR:4.2074-0.03%

CHF:3.60050.09%

GBP:4.7073-0.03%

2017-11-27:

USD:3.5276-0.60%

EUR:4.2086-0.07%

CHF:3.5972-0.52%

GBP:4.7089-0.44%

2017-11-24:

USD:3.5486-0.20%

EUR:4.21160.02%

CHF:3.6160-0.24%

GBP:4.7295-0.03%

2017-11-23:

USD:3.5557-0.91%

EUR:4.2108-0.18%

CHF:3.6245-0.04%

GBP:4.7310-0.50%

2017-11-22:

USD:3.5881-0.50%

EUR:4.2183-0.27%

CHF:3.6260-0.15%

GBP:4.7546-0.40%

2017-11-21:

USD:3.60600.42%

EUR:4.2296-0.13%

CHF:3.63130.01%

GBP:4.77380.14%

2017-11-20:

USD:3.5909-0.16%

EUR:4.2351-0.16%

CHF:3.63080.12%

GBP:4.76710.02%

2017-11-17:

USD:3.59650.02%

EUR:4.24190.17%

CHF:3.62660.00%

GBP:4.76620.55%

2017-11-16:

USD:3.59580.20%

EUR:4.2346-0.33%

CHF:3.6266-0.32%

GBP:4.74010.53%

2017-11-15:

USD:3.5886-0.67%

EUR:4.24870.36%

CHF:3.63820.19%

GBP:4.7148-0.36%

2017-11-14:

USD:3.6126-0.71%

EUR:4.2332-0.05%

CHF:3.6313-0.43%

GBP:4.7317-0.55%

2017-11-13:

USD:3.63820.30%

EUR:4.23520.13%

CHF:3.6468-0.19%

GBP:4.7576-0.28%

2017-11-10:

USD:3.6274-0.53%

EUR:4.2299-0.02%

CHF:3.65390.31%

GBP:4.7709-0.09%

2017-11-09:

USD:3.6466-0.35%

EUR:4.2308-0.27%

CHF:3.6427-0.55%

GBP:4.7752-0.66%

2017-11-08:

USD:3.6595-0.16%

EUR:4.24230.06%

CHF:3.66270.03%

GBP:4.8066-0.28%

2017-11-07:

USD:3.66520.18%

EUR:4.2397-0.12%

CHF:3.66170.26%

GBP:4.82000.54%

2017-11-06:

USD:3.65850.48%

EUR:4.24490.10%

CHF:3.65220.28%

GBP:4.79380.73%

2017-11-03:

USD:3.64080.12%

EUR:4.24060.17%

CHF:3.64200.14%

GBP:4.7586-1.15%

2017-11-02:

USD:3.63660%

EUR:4.23360%

CHF:3.63680%

GBP:4.81310%

2017-09-29:

USD:3.6519-0.45%

EUR:4.3091-0.17%

CHF:3.7619-0.13%

GBP:4.8842-0.35%

2017-09-28:

USD:3.66820.09%

EUR:4.31660.36%

CHF:3.76680.21%

GBP:4.9013-0.15%

2017-09-27:

USD:3.66501.14%

EUR:4.30120.45%

CHF:3.75880.59%

GBP:4.90860.43%

2017-09-26:

USD:3.62341.02%

EUR:4.28200.28%

CHF:3.73681.29%

GBP:4.88730.68%

2017-09-25:

USD:3.58660.60%

EUR:4.2698-0.11%

CHF:3.68870.22%

GBP:4.85430.36%

2017-09-22:

USD:3.5651-0.91%

EUR:4.2746-0.27%

CHF:3.6807-0.64%

GBP:4.8369-0.35%

2017-09-21:

USD:3.59750.99%

EUR:4.28630.22%

CHF:3.7042-0.13%

GBP:4.85400.47%

2017-09-20:

USD:3.5619-0.57%

EUR:4.2769-0.38%

CHF:3.7092-0.46%

GBP:4.83130.07%

2017-09-19:

USD:3.5821-0.17%

EUR:4.29300.22%

CHF:3.7264-0.30%

GBP:4.8277-0.80%

2017-09-18:

USD:3.58810.05%

EUR:4.28350.13%

CHF:3.73760.12%

GBP:4.86620.29%

2017-09-15:

USD:3.5863-0.34%

EUR:4.2781-0.13%

CHF:3.73320.34%

GBP:4.85212.10%

2017-09-14:

USD:3.59840.99%

EUR:4.28370.37%

CHF:3.72060.23%

GBP:4.75040.42%

2017-09-13:

USD:3.56270.21%

EUR:4.26770.39%

CHF:3.7119-0.09%

GBP:4.73030.28%

2017-09-12:

USD:3.55520.73%

EUR:4.25110.20%

CHF:3.7152-0.13%

GBP:4.71691.29%

2017-09-11:

USD:3.52930.15%

EUR:4.2426-0.20%

CHF:3.72010.02%

GBP:4.65610.56%

2017-09-08:

USD:3.5239-0.77%

EUR:4.25110.11%

CHF:3.7194-0.17%

GBP:4.6301-0.24%

2017-09-07:

USD:3.5511-0.08%

EUR:4.24660.05%

CHF:3.7256-0.02%

GBP:4.64110.13%

2017-09-06:

USD:3.5538-0.29%

EUR:4.24460.20%

CHF:3.72630.36%

GBP:4.63490.59%

2017-09-05:

USD:3.5642-0.21%

EUR:4.2361-0.49%

CHF:3.7128-0.60%

GBP:4.6075-0.28%

2017-09-04:

USD:3.57180.07%

EUR:4.25700.27%

CHF:3.73500.58%

GBP:4.62060.13%

2017-09-01:

USD:3.56930%

EUR:4.24570%

CHF:3.71340%

GBP:4.61440%

2017-06-30:

USD:3.7062-0.16%

EUR:4.2265-0.35%

CHF:3.8667-0.32%

GBP:4.8132-0.07%

2017-06-29:

USD:3.7122-0.34%

EUR:4.24120.22%

CHF:3.87910.02%

GBP:4.81680.80%

2017-06-28:

USD:3.7249-0.52%

EUR:4.23170.47%

CHF:3.87820.16%

GBP:4.77830.12%

2017-06-27:

USD:3.7442-0.56%

EUR:4.21200.01%

CHF:3.8719-0.14%

GBP:4.7728-0.50%

2017-06-26:

USD:3.7653-0.45%

EUR:4.2117-0.33%

CHF:3.8773-0.53%

GBP:4.7969-0.38%

2017-06-23:

USD:3.7824-0.47%

EUR:4.2255-0.44%

CHF:3.8977-0.19%

GBP:4.81510.05%

2017-06-22:

USD:3.8002-0.23%

EUR:4.24420.00%

CHF:3.9050-0.14%

GBP:4.81260.20%

2017-06-21:

USD:3.80900.60%

EUR:4.24420.46%

CHF:3.91040.61%

GBP:4.8028-0.07%

2017-06-20:

USD:3.78620.65%

EUR:4.22480.32%

CHF:3.88650.40%

GBP:4.8064-0.21%

2017-06-19:

USD:3.7615-0.36%

EUR:4.2112-0.16%

CHF:3.8711-0.15%

GBP:4.8167-0.07%

2017-06-16:

USD:3.77490.67%

EUR:4.21810.37%

CHF:3.87710.18%

GBP:4.81990.86%

2017-06-14:

USD:3.74970.31%

EUR:4.20250.25%

CHF:3.87020.09%

GBP:4.77830.64%

2017-06-13:

USD:3.73790.08%

EUR:4.1921-0.01%

CHF:3.86670.14%

GBP:4.7478-0.15%

2017-06-12:

USD:3.7350-0.31%

EUR:4.19270.12%

CHF:3.86120.12%

GBP:4.7547-0.23%

2017-06-09:

USD:3.74650.17%

EUR:4.1877-0.46%

CHF:3.8566-0.33%

GBP:4.7658-1.71%

2017-06-08:

USD:3.74000.43%

EUR:4.20710.30%

CHF:3.86930.08%

GBP:4.84740.88%

2017-06-07:

USD:3.7241-0.02%

EUR:4.19430.06%

CHF:3.86620.11%

GBP:4.8047-0.20%

2017-06-06:

USD:3.72500.49%

EUR:4.19160.32%

CHF:3.86200.39%

GBP:4.81430.75%

2017-06-05:

USD:3.7066-0.69%

EUR:4.1781-0.24%

CHF:3.84710.07%

GBP:4.7782-0.43%

2017-06-02:

USD:3.73230.16%

EUR:4.18820.11%

CHF:3.84430.17%

GBP:4.79890.04%

2017-06-01:

USD:3.72620%

EUR:4.18340%

CHF:3.83780%

GBP:4.79720%

2018-02-28:

USD:3.41881.09%

EUR:4.17790.19%

CHF:3.62680.48%

GBP:4.74820.60%

2018-02-27:

USD:3.38160.05%

EUR:4.1700-0.04%

CHF:3.6093-0.34%

GBP:4.7199-0.69%

2018-02-26:

USD:3.3799-0.33%

EUR:4.1717-0.05%

CHF:3.6217-0.23%

GBP:4.75270.34%

2018-02-23:

USD:3.3911-0.29%

EUR:4.1738-0.17%

CHF:3.63020.14%

GBP:4.73650.28%

2018-02-22:

USD:3.40090.92%

EUR:4.18110.60%

CHF:3.62520.76%

GBP:4.72330.34%

2018-02-21:

USD:3.36970.30%

EUR:4.15620.22%

CHF:3.59780.03%

GBP:4.70720.06%

2018-02-20:

USD:3.35970.55%

EUR:4.14720.01%

CHF:3.5967-0.13%

GBP:4.70420.45%

2018-02-19:

USD:3.34110.71%

EUR:4.1467-0.22%

CHF:3.6013-0.10%

GBP:4.68290.13%

2018-02-16:

USD:3.3173-0.26%

EUR:4.15590.07%

CHF:3.60490.30%

GBP:4.67690.01%

2018-02-15:

USD:3.3259-1.53%

EUR:4.1530-0.45%

CHF:3.5940-0.47%

GBP:4.6763-0.18%

2018-02-14:

USD:3.3769-0.44%

EUR:4.1716-0.12%

CHF:3.6110-0.48%

GBP:4.6846-0.52%

2018-02-13:

USD:3.3916-0.61%

EUR:4.1764-0.20%

CHF:3.6283-0.27%

GBP:4.7090-0.33%

2018-02-12:

USD:3.4122-0.41%

EUR:4.1846-0.43%

CHF:3.6380-0.35%

GBP:4.7244-0.94%

2018-02-09:

USD:3.42630.42%

EUR:4.20240.69%

CHF:3.65061.23%

GBP:4.76900.82%

2018-02-08:

USD:3.41191.30%

EUR:4.17330.34%

CHF:3.60560.42%

GBP:4.72980.87%

2018-02-07:

USD:3.36770.53%

EUR:4.15930.11%

CHF:3.59040.14%

GBP:4.68860.02%

2018-02-06:

USD:3.34980.37%

EUR:4.1547-0.09%

CHF:3.5852-0.08%

GBP:4.6877-0.50%

2018-02-05:

USD:3.33750.14%

EUR:4.1585-0.07%

CHF:3.5882-0.01%

GBP:4.7111-0.57%

2018-02-02:

USD:3.3329-0.05%

EUR:4.16150.27%

CHF:3.58860.22%

GBP:4.7381-0.28%

Analizy Debaty

Inwestycje w Polsce

14.08.2018

Mniej inwestycji bezpośrednich w Polsce to efekt zmian strukturalnych

W nadchodzących latach wartość bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych napływających do Polski raczej nie powróci do rekordowych poziomów sprzed światowego kryzysu finansowego. Rośnie bowiem udział tych inwestycji w usługach, które wymagają mniejszych nakładów kapitałowych niż projekty w przemyśle.

Marcin Humanicki, Krzysztof Makowski

Makroekonomia

14.08.2018

Miliardy dolarów wracają z Ukrainy na Zachód

W czerwcu ukraiński parlament przyjął ustawę „O walucie i operacjach walutowych”, która nad Dnieprem okrzyknięta została „bezwizowym reżimem dla kapitału”. W ocenie ekspertów miliardy dolarów trzymanych dziś przez Ukraińców „w skarpecie” mogą wkrótce wypłynąć na rynki zagraniczne, w tym do Polski.

Debata ekonomiczna 13.08.2018