Obserwator Finansowy – biznes, makroekonomia i finanse publiczne dla ekspertów.

Zuchwała próba zbadania, co pobudza rynek fuzji i przejęć w Polsce

Dynamika zmian wartości zadłużenia sektora finansów publicznych w Polsce ma duży wpływ na kształtowanie poziomu aktywności na krajowym rynku fuzji i przejęć – udowadniają Przemysław Grobelny, Maciej Stradomski i Piotr Stobiecki w książce „Determinanty aktywności na rynku fuzji i przejęć w Polsce”.
Oko na gospodarkę: Nie ma rozwoju bez dobrego internetu

O ponad 38 proc. wzrosła w Polsce w 2018 r. w porównaniu z 2017 r. liczba użytkowników korzystających z łączy światłowodowych. Pod względem dostępu do dobrego internetu nadal daleko nam jednak do najlepszych. Statystyki wyraźnie wskazują na związek internetu z tempem wzrostu PKB.
Trudne pożegnanie z LIBOR-em

Rynki przechodzą transformację za sprawą zmiany obowiązujących benchmarków, czyli stawek stanowiących odniesienie dla zawieranych transakcji. Zmiany wymusił nie tylko skandal z 2012 r., ale i fakt, że dotychczasowe rozwiązania przestały wystarczać.
Brexit a perspektywy londyńskiego City

Dopiero teraz, gdy zbliżamy się do trzeciej rocznicy przeprowadzonego w Wielkiej Brytanii referendum w sprawie członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej, zaczynają do nas docierać realne implikacje opuszczenia Wspólnoty. Świadczy o tym choćby – zabawny dla osób z zamiłowaniem do czarnego humoru – sukces marketingowy Brexitowego zestawu survivalowego zawierającego filtr do wody, narzędzia do rozpalania ognia i […]

2019-03-22:

USD:3.79480.97%

EUR:4.28940.06%

CHF:3.80790.60%

GBP:4.97000.40%

2019-03-21:

USD:3.7581-0.49%

EUR:4.28700.01%

CHF:3.78490.18%

GBP:4.9503-0.91%

2019-03-20:

USD:3.7767-0.15%

EUR:4.2864-0.18%

CHF:3.7781-0.12%

GBP:4.9955-0.47%

2019-03-19:

USD:3.7823-0.14%

EUR:4.2940-0.12%

CHF:3.7828-0.03%

GBP:5.0190-0.02%

2019-03-18:

USD:3.7876-0.36%

EUR:4.2993-0.10%

CHF:3.7838-0.07%

GBP:5.0199-0.41%

2019-03-15:

USD:3.8014-0.01%

EUR:4.30370.05%

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2019-03-14:

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2019-03-13:

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2019-03-11:

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2019-03-08:

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2019-03-07:

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GBP:4.8457-0.65%

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GBP:4.7550-0.27%

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EUR:4.30550.15%

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GBP:4.7680-0.33%

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EUR:4.2989-0.06%

CHF:3.8282-0.07%

GBP:4.7835-0.24%

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USD:3.7559-0.04%

EUR:4.30130.06%

CHF:3.83070.16%

GBP:4.79520.09%

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EUR:4.2989-0.07%

CHF:3.82450.08%

GBP:4.79070.22%

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EUR:4.30160.04%

CHF:3.82420.20%

GBP:4.7737-0.33%

2018-12-31:

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EUR:4.30000.07%

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GBP:4.78950.87%

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EUR:4.29690.25%

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EUR:4.28600.07%

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GBP:4.75440.03%

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EUR:4.28890.09%

CHF:3.79160.31%

GBP:4.75300.36%

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GBP:4.7357-0.53%

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CHF:3.7989-0.09%

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EUR:4.2906-0.27%

CHF:3.8025-0.47%

GBP:4.7718-0.47%

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EUR:4.30210.20%

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GBP:4.79400.32%

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EUR:4.2937-0.13%

CHF:3.8036-0.41%

GBP:4.77870.48%

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EUR:4.29930.03%

CHF:3.8191-0.20%

GBP:4.7556-0.19%

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EUR:4.29820.17%

CHF:3.82660.71%

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EUR:4.29110.15%

CHF:3.79960.19%

GBP:4.7852-0.48%

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EUR:4.2845-0.17%

CHF:3.7924-0.08%

GBP:4.8084-0.28%

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EUR:4.29190.05%

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EUR:4.28960.20%

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EUR:4.2810-0.02%

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EUR:4.29940.17%

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EUR:4.2883-0.21%

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EUR:4.3064-0.01%

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EUR:4.3070-0.57%

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EUR:4.33140.17%

CHF:3.81710.59%

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GBP:4.7987-0.11%

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EUR:4.30920.38%

CHF:3.81770.21%

GBP:4.8040-0.16%

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EUR:4.29290.04%

CHF:3.80950.29%

GBP:4.8116-0.62%

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EUR:4.2912-0.04%

CHF:3.7985-0.05%

GBP:4.84120.01%

2018-09-19:

USD:3.6685-0.36%

EUR:4.2929-0.24%

CHF:3.8005-0.85%

GBP:4.84060.07%

2018-09-18:

USD:3.6817-0.16%

EUR:4.30300.14%

CHF:3.83270.33%

GBP:4.83700.12%

2018-09-17:

USD:3.68760.16%

EUR:4.2968-0.29%

CHF:3.81990.05%

GBP:4.8314-0.07%

2018-09-14:

USD:3.6817-0.85%

EUR:4.3093-0.08%

CHF:3.8178-0.23%

GBP:4.8346-0.18%

2018-09-13:

USD:3.7130-0.18%

EUR:4.31260.05%

CHF:3.82640.26%

GBP:4.8432-0.00%

2018-09-12:

USD:3.71980.30%

EUR:4.31030.06%

CHF:3.81660.25%

GBP:4.84330.13%

2018-09-11:

USD:3.7087-0.53%

EUR:4.3077-0.14%

CHF:3.8069-0.83%

GBP:4.83710.24%

2018-09-10:

USD:3.72830.77%

EUR:4.31380.14%

CHF:3.83840.13%

GBP:4.82550.76%

2018-09-07:

USD:3.6995-0.40%

EUR:4.3079-0.32%

CHF:3.83350.07%

GBP:4.7887-0.38%

2018-09-06:

USD:3.7143-0.50%

EUR:4.32180.08%

CHF:3.83090.02%

GBP:4.80710.45%

2018-09-05:

USD:3.73300.24%

EUR:4.31830.25%

CHF:3.83010.04%

GBP:4.78560.14%

2018-09-04:

USD:3.72410.67%

EUR:4.30730.28%

CHF:3.82870.46%

GBP:4.77900.21%

2018-09-03:

USD:3.69910.49%

EUR:4.29540.00%

CHF:3.81120.21%

GBP:4.7692-0.47%

2018-08-31:

USD:3.68080.23%

EUR:4.29530.08%

CHF:3.80330.43%

GBP:4.79170.33%

2018-08-30:

USD:3.6724-0.06%

EUR:4.29170.11%

CHF:3.78710.68%

GBP:4.77600.93%

2018-08-29:

USD:3.67470.54%

EUR:4.28710.32%

CHF:3.76130.56%

GBP:4.73160.32%

2018-08-28:

USD:3.6548-0.74%

EUR:4.2732-0.04%

CHF:3.7404-0.09%

GBP:4.7166-0.25%

2018-08-27:

USD:3.6820-0.53%

EUR:4.2748-0.12%

CHF:3.7437-0.42%

GBP:4.7282-0.46%

2018-08-24:

USD:3.7014-0.15%

EUR:4.2801-0.16%

CHF:3.7596-0.31%

GBP:4.7501-0.47%

2018-08-23:

USD:3.7069-0.09%

EUR:4.2868-0.16%

CHF:3.77140.02%

GBP:4.7724-0.16%

2018-08-22:

USD:3.7104-0.73%

EUR:4.2937-0.38%

CHF:3.7705-0.39%

GBP:4.7798-0.32%

2018-08-21:

USD:3.7375-0.86%

EUR:4.31010.24%

CHF:3.78530.04%

GBP:4.7951-0.12%

2018-08-20:

USD:3.7695-0.24%

EUR:4.2997-0.15%

CHF:3.7838-0.23%

GBP:4.8009-0.07%

2018-08-17:

USD:3.7784-0.23%

EUR:4.3061-0.10%

CHF:3.7926-0.54%

GBP:4.8043-0.19%

2018-08-16:

USD:3.78710.27%

EUR:4.31050.24%

CHF:3.81310.27%

GBP:4.8135-0.20%

2018-08-14:

USD:3.7768-0.25%

EUR:4.3001-0.22%

CHF:3.8027-0.07%

GBP:4.8232-0.14%

2018-08-13:

USD:3.78621.01%

EUR:4.30940.35%

CHF:3.80540.94%

GBP:4.82981.01%

2018-08-10:

USD:3.74811.69%

EUR:4.29420.53%

CHF:3.76971.67%

GBP:4.78120.73%

2018-08-09:

USD:3.68460.17%

EUR:4.27150.22%

CHF:3.70680.43%

GBP:4.7464-0.00%

2018-08-08:

USD:3.67820.16%

EUR:4.26190.15%

CHF:3.69080.03%

GBP:4.7465-0.33%

2018-08-07:

USD:3.6722-0.54%

EUR:4.2554-0.28%

CHF:3.6896-0.52%

GBP:4.7624-0.50%

2018-08-06:

USD:3.6920-0.02%

EUR:4.2672-0.20%

CHF:3.7088-0.08%

GBP:4.7863-0.25%

2018-08-03:

USD:3.69260.39%

EUR:4.27580.03%

CHF:3.71180.35%

GBP:4.7983-0.30%

2018-08-02:

USD:3.67830.49%

EUR:4.2745-0.03%

CHF:3.69880.28%

GBP:4.81280.29%

2018-08-01:

USD:3.66030.33%

EUR:4.2758-0.05%

CHF:3.6884-0.12%

GBP:4.79890.08%

2018-07-31:

USD:3.6481-0.56%

EUR:4.2779-0.13%

CHF:3.6928-0.01%

GBP:4.7950-0.43%

2018-07-30:

USD:3.6684-0.69%

EUR:4.2836-0.25%

CHF:3.6932-0.32%

GBP:4.8155-0.41%

2018-07-27:

USD:3.69370.78%

EUR:4.29450.04%

CHF:3.70500.38%

GBP:4.83530.11%

2018-07-26:

USD:3.6649-0.39%

EUR:4.2927-0.25%

CHF:3.6909-0.44%

GBP:4.8300-0.24%

2018-07-25:

USD:3.6793-0.62%

EUR:4.3035-0.51%

CHF:3.7070-0.43%

GBP:4.8414-0.28%

2018-07-24:

USD:3.70200.17%

EUR:4.3256-0.01%

CHF:3.7230-0.11%

GBP:4.85500.10%

2018-07-23:

USD:3.6957-0.58%

EUR:4.3262-0.03%

CHF:3.72710.19%

GBP:4.85000.26%

2018-07-20:

USD:3.71700.02%

EUR:4.32750.28%

CHF:3.71990.21%

GBP:4.83760.06%

2018-07-19:

USD:3.71630.36%

EUR:4.31550.28%

CHF:3.71210.48%

GBP:4.83480.15%

2018-07-18:

USD:3.70311.11%

EUR:4.30360.09%

CHF:3.69410.25%

GBP:4.8276-0.61%

2018-07-17:

USD:3.6619-0.57%

EUR:4.2998-0.18%

CHF:3.68500.09%

GBP:4.8572-0.49%

2018-07-16:

USD:3.6828-1.13%

EUR:4.3076-0.52%

CHF:3.6816-0.82%

GBP:4.8811-0.17%

2018-07-13:

USD:3.72440.51%

EUR:4.33020.09%

CHF:3.7118-0.11%

GBP:4.8896-0.12%

2018-07-12:

USD:3.70550.15%

EUR:4.3262-0.14%

CHF:3.7159-0.26%

GBP:4.8953-0.19%

2018-07-11:

USD:3.70000.07%

EUR:4.3322-0.08%

CHF:3.72550.07%

GBP:4.90480.12%

2018-07-10:

USD:3.69730.33%

EUR:4.3356-0.06%

CHF:3.7230-0.28%

GBP:4.8990-0.34%

2018-07-09:

USD:3.6850-1.01%

EUR:4.3380-0.51%

CHF:3.7334-0.46%

GBP:4.9159-0.30%

2018-07-06:

USD:3.7222-0.71%

EUR:4.3600-0.53%

CHF:3.7507-0.67%

GBP:4.9305-0.65%

2018-07-05:

USD:3.7485-0.73%

EUR:4.3833-0.31%

CHF:3.7759-0.71%

GBP:4.9627-0.48%

2018-07-04:

USD:3.77590.10%

EUR:4.3969-0.02%

CHF:3.80270.14%

GBP:4.98630.22%

2018-07-03:

USD:3.77230.05%

EUR:4.39780.18%

CHF:3.7973-0.12%

GBP:4.97540.19%

2018-07-02:

USD:3.77030.70%

EUR:4.38990.64%

CHF:3.80190.83%

GBP:4.96600.79%

2018-06-29:

USD:3.7440-0.71%

EUR:4.36160.11%

CHF:3.7702-0.16%

GBP:4.9270-0.14%

2018-06-28:

USD:3.77050.94%

EUR:4.35660.31%

CHF:3.77640.25%

GBP:4.93390.11%

2018-06-27:

USD:3.73510.54%

EUR:4.34300.13%

CHF:3.76690.20%

GBP:4.92850.01%

2018-06-26:

USD:3.71510.17%

EUR:4.33720.30%

CHF:3.75950.07%

GBP:4.92810.33%

2018-06-25:

USD:3.70870.30%

EUR:4.32420.22%

CHF:3.75670.53%

GBP:4.9119-0.18%

2018-06-22:

USD:3.6977-1.70%

EUR:4.3149-0.40%

CHF:3.7367-0.96%

GBP:4.9209-0.20%

2018-06-21:

USD:3.76070.68%

EUR:4.33230.35%

CHF:3.77260.68%

GBP:4.93090.30%

2018-06-20:

USD:3.73520.10%

EUR:4.31710.13%

CHF:3.74700.02%

GBP:4.9159-0.09%

2018-06-19:

USD:3.73160.84%

EUR:4.31130.52%

CHF:3.74620.89%

GBP:4.92020.40%

2018-06-18:

USD:3.70030.22%

EUR:4.28870.20%

CHF:3.71300.20%

GBP:4.90030.01%

2018-06-15:

USD:3.69222.08%

EUR:4.28020.11%

CHF:3.70560.74%

GBP:4.89980.82%

2018-06-14:

USD:3.6155-0.85%

EUR:4.2757-0.15%

CHF:3.6782-0.25%

GBP:4.85960.03%

2018-06-13:

USD:3.64610.52%

EUR:4.28200.10%

CHF:3.68740.03%

GBP:4.8582-0.05%

2018-06-12:

USD:3.62710.07%

EUR:4.27760.14%

CHF:3.68620.28%

GBP:4.86040.31%

2018-06-11:

USD:3.6247-0.64%

EUR:4.2717-0.46%

CHF:3.6760-1.02%

GBP:4.8451-0.93%

2018-06-08:

USD:3.64791.14%

EUR:4.29120.65%

CHF:3.71361.13%

GBP:4.89000.73%

2018-06-07:

USD:3.6062-1.13%

EUR:4.2634-0.46%

CHF:3.6717-0.77%

GBP:4.8542-0.76%

2018-06-06:

USD:3.6470-0.27%

EUR:4.28290.06%

CHF:3.7001-0.23%

GBP:4.8911-0.00%

2018-06-05:

USD:3.6569-0.26%

EUR:4.2804-0.30%

CHF:3.7087-0.35%

GBP:4.8913-0.18%

2018-06-04:

USD:3.6665-0.73%

EUR:4.2931-0.50%

CHF:3.7218-0.60%

GBP:4.9002-0.20%

2018-06-01:

USD:3.6934-0.72%

EUR:4.3146-0.11%

CHF:3.7442-0.36%

GBP:4.9102-0.57%

2018-05-30:

USD:3.7200-0.27%

EUR:4.31950.32%

CHF:3.75770.06%

GBP:4.93830.05%

2018-05-29:

USD:3.72991.21%

EUR:4.30560.06%

CHF:3.75541.09%

GBP:4.93560.54%

2018-05-28:

USD:3.68490.44%

EUR:4.30310.02%

CHF:3.71450.51%

GBP:4.90890.06%

2018-05-25:

USD:3.66860.26%

EUR:4.30220.16%

CHF:3.69560.18%

GBP:4.90610.01%

2018-05-24:

USD:3.6590-0.28%

EUR:4.2953-0.20%

CHF:3.6890-0.32%

GBP:4.90560.04%

2018-05-23:

USD:3.66931.20%

EUR:4.30370.52%

CHF:3.70071.68%

GBP:4.90340.45%

2018-05-22:

USD:3.6252-1.00%

EUR:4.2812-0.42%

CHF:3.6385-0.70%

GBP:4.8814-0.53%

2018-05-21:

USD:3.66150.63%

EUR:4.29910.08%

CHF:3.66410.62%

GBP:4.9071-0.09%

2018-05-18:

USD:3.63850.28%

EUR:4.29580.21%

CHF:3.64130.51%

GBP:4.91170.05%

2018-05-17:

USD:3.62830.12%

EUR:4.2868-0.06%

CHF:3.6229-0.14%

GBP:4.90930.44%

2018-05-16:

USD:3.62410.86%

EUR:4.28930.16%

CHF:3.62781.01%

GBP:4.88750.48%

2018-05-15:

USD:3.59311.04%

EUR:4.28230.49%

CHF:3.59120.89%

GBP:4.86400.67%

2018-05-14:

USD:3.5558-0.42%

EUR:4.26150.11%

CHF:3.5594-0.14%

GBP:4.83140.01%

2018-05-11:

USD:3.5708-0.18%

EUR:4.25690.23%

CHF:3.56430.04%

GBP:4.8311-0.42%

2018-05-10:

USD:3.5773-0.89%

EUR:4.2473-0.75%

CHF:3.5630-1.00%

GBP:4.8513-0.79%

2018-05-09:

USD:3.60900.57%

EUR:4.27900.30%

CHF:3.59880.68%

GBP:4.88940.87%

2018-05-08:

USD:3.58840.70%

EUR:4.26620.35%

CHF:3.57440.66%

GBP:4.84710.48%

2018-05-07:

USD:3.5634-0.34%

EUR:4.2513-0.61%

CHF:3.5509-0.79%

GBP:4.8236-0.40%

2018-05-04:

USD:3.57540.53%

EUR:4.27710.22%

CHF:3.57890.16%

GBP:4.8430-0.18%

2018-05-02:

USD:3.55631.95%

EUR:4.26751.10%

CHF:3.57311.39%

GBP:4.85161.29%

2018-04-30:

USD:3.4868-0.39%

EUR:4.2204-0.13%

CHF:3.5236-0.20%

GBP:4.7888-1.03%

2018-04-27:

USD:3.50030.50%

EUR:4.2259-0.31%

CHF:3.5306-0.26%

GBP:4.8379-0.16%

2018-04-26:

USD:3.48270.80%

EUR:4.23920.55%

CHF:3.53970.58%

GBP:4.84540.49%

2018-04-25:

USD:3.45480.43%

EUR:4.21590.42%

CHF:3.51930.10%

GBP:4.82180.45%

2018-04-24:

USD:3.44010.71%

EUR:4.19800.42%

CHF:3.51580.59%

GBP:4.80020.44%

2018-04-23:

USD:3.41560.81%

EUR:4.18020.19%

CHF:3.49500.35%

GBP:4.77900.27%

2018-04-20:

USD:3.38810.55%

EUR:4.17240.14%

CHF:3.48270.14%

GBP:4.7660-0.23%

2018-04-19:

USD:3.3693-0.08%

EUR:4.1665-0.03%

CHF:3.4777-0.08%

GBP:4.7770-0.19%

2018-04-18:

USD:3.37210.44%

EUR:4.16770.23%

CHF:3.4805-0.33%

GBP:4.7861-0.50%

2018-04-17:

USD:3.3572-0.28%

EUR:4.1582-0.11%

CHF:3.4921-0.38%

GBP:4.81020.11%

2018-04-16:

USD:3.3666-0.58%

EUR:4.1628-0.34%

CHF:3.5054-0.46%

GBP:4.8047-0.68%

2018-04-13:

USD:3.3862-0.18%

EUR:4.1769-0.27%

CHF:3.5214-0.25%

GBP:4.83720.72%

2018-04-12:

USD:3.39240.19%

EUR:4.1882-0.07%

CHF:3.5303-0.10%

GBP:4.8022-0.10%

2018-04-11:

USD:3.3859-0.62%

EUR:4.1911-0.19%

CHF:3.5340-0.89%

GBP:4.8069-0.41%

2018-04-10:

USD:3.4068-0.31%

EUR:4.19900.05%

CHF:3.56530.10%

GBP:4.82670.10%

2018-04-09:

USD:3.4174-0.41%

EUR:4.1967-0.04%

CHF:3.5618-0.01%

GBP:4.82210.34%

2018-04-06:

USD:3.43150.04%

EUR:4.1984-0.20%

CHF:3.5620-0.17%

GBP:4.8056-0.22%

2018-04-05:

USD:3.43010.22%

EUR:4.20700.01%

CHF:3.5681-0.11%

GBP:4.8160-0.04%

2018-04-04:

USD:3.42240.14%

EUR:4.2065-0.07%

CHF:3.5719-0.32%

GBP:4.81790.11%

2018-04-03:

USD:3.41770.11%

EUR:4.20940.02%

CHF:3.58320.06%

GBP:4.81240.31%

2018-03-30:

USD:3.4139-0.18%

EUR:4.2085-0.02%

CHF:3.58120.23%

GBP:4.7974-0.09%

2018-03-29:

USD:3.42010.72%

EUR:4.2093-0.01%

CHF:3.5728-0.01%

GBP:4.8018-0.13%

2018-03-28:

USD:3.39560.10%

EUR:4.2097-0.16%

CHF:3.5731-0.31%

GBP:4.80810.18%

2018-03-27:

USD:3.3921-0.66%

EUR:4.2164-0.36%

CHF:3.5843-0.69%

GBP:4.7993-1.00%

2018-03-26:

USD:3.4145-0.51%

EUR:4.23160.05%

CHF:3.6089-0.34%

GBP:4.84750.22%

Analizy Debaty

wskazniki_rozwoju_społecznego_PKB_per_capita

Wskaźniki ekonomiczne

21.03.2019

Skazani na PKB

Jest wiele powodów, by krytykować Produkt Krajowy Brutto (PKB) jako miernik potencjału gospodarczego i dobrobytu. Regularnie różni ekonomiści, włącznie z laureatami Nagrody Nobla proponują, by zastąpić go innym, uwzględniającym więcej zjawisk składających się na dobrobyt. Bez powodzenia. Parafrazując Churchilla, PKB jest najgorszym miernikiem gospodarczym, jeżeli nie liczyć wszystkich innych.

Witold Gadomski

Badania ekonomiczne

21.03.2019

Pożyczki studenckie mogą powodować podwyżki czesnego

Aby wypłacać bezwarunkową pensję każdemu Amerykaninowi, wpływy z federalnych podatków musiałyby wzrosnąć o 100 proc.; za szybki wzrost czesnego w szkołach wyższych może odpowiadać łatwiejszy dostęp do pożyczek studenckich; po urodzeniu dziecka długoterminowe dochody matki spadają nawet o 60 proc. - to tylko niektóre z wniosków z najnowszych ekonomicznych badań naukowych.

Debata ekonomiczna 20.03.2019